Title 17CopyrightsRelease 119-73

§1004 Royalty payments

Title 17 › Chapter CHAPTER 10— - DIGITAL AUDIO RECORDING DEVICES AND MEDIA › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER C— - ROYALTY PAYMENTS › § 1004

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

A 2 percent royalty must be paid on the transfer price for each digital audio recording device that is imported into or made and sold in the United States. Only the first person who makes and sells, or imports and sells, the device in the U.S. must pay. If the device is first sold as part of a bundle, the royalty is figured differently: if the device is built into a single unit, the royalty is based on the unit’s transfer price but you subtract any royalty already paid for included devices that were sold earlier on their own; if it is sold with other parts but not built in and similar devices were sold separately in the prior 4 calendar quarters, the royalty is based on the 4-quarter average transfer price of those similar devices; if no similar devices were sold separately in those 4 quarters, the royalty is based on a constructed price that reflects the device’s share of the bundle. The royalty per device can never be less than $1 and never more than $8. For a physically integrated unit that contains more than one digital audio recording device, the top limit is $12. In the 6th year after the chapter takes effect, and no more than once each year after that, an interested copyright party may ask the Copyright Royalty Judges to raise the top limit. If more than 20 percent of payments hit the current top limit, the judges must raise it so that no more than 10 percent of payments hit the new top limit, but any percentage increase cannot exceed the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for the period they review. A 3 percent royalty must be paid on the transfer price for each digital audio recording medium that is imported into or made and sold in the United States. Only the first person who makes and sells, or imports and sells, the medium in the U.S. must pay.

Full Legal Text

Title 17, §1004

Copyrights — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)The royalty payment due under section 1003 for each digital audio recording device imported into and distributed in the United States, or manufactured and distributed in the United States, shall be 2 percent of the transfer price. Only the first person to manufacture and distribute or import and distribute such device shall be required to pay the royalty with respect to such device.
(2)With respect to a digital audio recording device first distributed in combination with one or more devices, either as a physically integrated unit or as separate components, the royalty payment shall be calculated as follows:
(A)If the digital audio recording device and such other devices are part of a physically integrated unit, the royalty payment shall be based on the transfer price of the unit, but shall be reduced by any royalty payment made on any digital audio recording device included within the unit that was not first distributed in combination with the unit.
(B)If the digital audio recording device is not part of a physically integrated unit and substantially similar devices have been distributed separately at any time during the preceding 4 calendar quarters, the royalty payment shall be based on the average transfer price of such devices during those 4 quarters.
(C)If the digital audio recording device is not part of a physically integrated unit and substantially similar devices have not been distributed separately at any time during the preceding 4 calendar quarters, the royalty payment shall be based on a constructed price reflecting the proportional value of such device to the combination as a whole.
(3)Notwithstanding paragraph (1) or (2), the amount of the royalty payment for each digital audio recording device shall not be less than $1 nor more than the royalty maximum. The royalty maximum shall be $8 per device, except that in the case of a physically integrated unit containing more than 1 digital audio recording device, the royalty maximum for such unit shall be $12. During the 6th year after the effective date of this chapter, and not more than once each year thereafter, any interested copyright party may petition the Copyright Royalty Judges to increase the royalty maximum and, if more than 20 percent of the royalty payments are at the relevant royalty maximum, the Copyright Royalty Judges shall prospectively increase such royalty maximum with the goal of having no more than 10 percent of such payments at the new royalty maximum; however the amount of any such increase as a percentage of the royalty maximum shall in no event exceed the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index during the period under review.
(b)The royalty payment due under section 1003 for each digital audio recording medium imported into and distributed in the United States, or manufactured and distributed in the United States, shall be 3 percent of the transfer price. Only the first person to manufacture and distribute or import and distribute such medium shall be required to pay the royalty with respect to such medium.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The

Effective Date

of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is Oct. 28, 1992. See

Effective Date

note set out under section 1001 of this title.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 108–419 substituted “Copyright Royalty Judges” for “Librarian of Congress” in two places. 1993—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–198 substituted “Librarian of Congress” for “Copyright Royalty Tribunal” after “may petition the” and for “Tribunal” before “shall prospectively”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2004 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 108–419 effective 6 months after Nov. 30, 2004, subject to transition provisions, see section 6 of Pub. L. 108–419, set out as an

Effective Date

Transition Provisions note under section 801 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

17 U.S.C. § 1004

Title 17Copyrights

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73