Title 18Crimes and Criminal ProcedureRelease 119-73

§2339A Providing material support to terrorists

Title 18 › Part PART I— - CRIMES › Chapter CHAPTER 113B— - TERRORISM › § 2339A

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

It is a crime to give, hide, or disguise help when you know or plan for it to be used to prepare or carry out certain federal crimes. You can also be punished for trying or planning to do that. Punishments can include fines, up to 15 years in prison, or both. If someone dies because of the conduct, the prison term can be any number of years or life. Cases can be tried in any federal district where the underlying crime happened or wherever the law allows. "Material support or resources" means property or services. Examples include money, financial services, housing, training, expert help, safehouses, fake IDs, communications gear, facilities, weapons, deadly substances, explosives, people (one or more, including yourself), and transport. It does not include medicine or religious materials. "Training" means teaching a specific skill. "Expert advice or assistance" means help based on special scientific, technical, or other expert knowledge.

Full Legal Text

Title 18, §2339A

Crimes and Criminal Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Whoever provides material support or resources or conceals or disguises the nature, location, source, or ownership of material support or resources, knowing or intending that they are to be used in preparation for, or in carrying out, a violation of section 32, 37, 81, 175, 229, 351, 831, 842(m) or (n), 844(f) or (i), 930(c), 956, 1091, 1114, 1116, 1203, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1366, 1751, 1992, 2155, 2156, 2280, 2281, 2332, 2332a, 2332b, 2332f, 2340A, or 2442 of this title, section 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2284), section 46502 or 60123(b) of title 49, or any offense listed in section 2332b(g)(5)(B) (except for section 2339A and 2339B) or in preparation for, or in carrying out, the concealment of an escape from the commission of any such violation, or attempts or conspires to do such an act, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both, and, if the death of any person results, shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life. A violation of this section may be prosecuted in any Federal judicial district in which the underlying offense was committed, or in any other Federal judicial district as provided by law.
(b)As used in this section—
(1)the term “material support or resources” means any property, tangible or intangible, or service, including currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel (1 or more individuals who may be or include oneself), and transportation, except medicine or religious materials;
(2)the term “training” means instruction or teaching designed to impart a specific skill, as opposed to general knowledge; and
(3)the term “expert advice or assistance” means advice or assistance derived from scientific, technical or other specialized knowledge.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–122 inserted “, 1091” after “956” and substituted “, 2340A, or 2442” for “, or 2340A”. 2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–177 struck out “1993,” after “1992,”. 2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–458, § 6603(a)(2)(B), which directed amendment of this section by inserting “or any offense listed in section 2332b(g)(5)(B) (except for section 2339A and 2339B)” after “section 60123(b) of title 49,”, was executed by making the insertion in subsec. (a) after “section 46502 or 60123(b) of title 49,” to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 108–458, § 6603(a)(2)(A), struck out “or” before “section 46502”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–458, § 6603(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In this section, the term ‘material support or resources’ means currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel, transportation, and other physical assets, except medicine or religious materials.” 2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–273, § 4002(a)(7), (e)(11), struck out “2332c,” after “2332b,” and substituted “of an escape” for “or an escape”. Pub. L. 107–197 inserted “2332f,” before “or 2340A”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–273, § 4002(c)(1), repealed amendment by Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(b)(2). See 1996 Amendment note below. 2001—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–56, § 811(f), inserted “or attempts or conspires to do such an act,” before “shall be fined”. Pub. L. 107–56, § 810(c)(1), substituted “15 years” for “10 years”. Pub. L. 107–56, § 810(c)(2), which directed substitution of “, and, if the death of any person results, shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life.” for period, was executed by making the substitution for the period at end of the first sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by section 805(a)(1)(F) of Pub. L. 107–56. See below. Pub. L. 107–56, § 805(a)(1)(F), inserted at end “A violation of this section may be prosecuted in any Federal judicial district in which the underlying offense was committed, or in any other Federal judicial district as provided by law.” Pub. L. 107–56, §§ 805(a)(1)(A)–(E), struck out “, within the United States,” after “Whoever”, and inserted “229,” after “175,”, “1993,” after “1992,”, “, section 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2284),” after “2340A of this title”, and “or 60123(b)” after “section 46502”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–56, § 805(a)(2), substituted “or monetary instruments or financial securities” for “or other financial securities” and inserted “expert advice or assistance,” after “training,”. 1996—Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(5), amended directory language of Pub. L. 103–322, § 120005(a), which enacted this section. Pub. L. 104–132 amended section generally, reenacting section catchline without change and redesignating provisions which detailed what constitutes offense, formerly contained in subsec. (b), as subsec. (a), inserting references to section 37, 81, 175, 831, 842, 956, 1362, 1366, 2155, 2156, 2332, 2332a, 2332b, and 2340A of this title, striking out references to section 36, 2331, and 2339 of this title, redesignating provisions which define “material support or resource”, formerly contained in subsec. (a), as subsec. (b), substituting provisions excepting medicine or religious materials from definition for provisions excepting humanitarian assistance to persons not directly involved in violations, and struck out subsec. (c) which authorized investigations into possible violations, except activities involving First Amendment rights. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(s)(2), (3), inserted “930(c),” before “956,”, “1992,” before “2155,”, “2332c,” before “or 2340A of this title”, and “or an escape” after “concealment”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(b)(2), which directed substitution of “2332” for “2331”, “2332a” for “2339”, “37” for “36”, and “or an escape” for “of an escape” and which could not be executed after the general amendment by Pub. L. 104–132, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–273, § 4002(c)(1). See above.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2002 Amendment Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(c)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1808, provided that the amendment made by section 4002(c)(1) is effective Oct. 11, 1996.

Effective Date

of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by section 604(b)(5) of Pub. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

18 U.S.C. § 2339A

Title 18Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73