Title 18Crimes and Criminal ProcedureRelease 119-73

§39 Traffic signal preemption transmitters

Title 18 › Part PART I— - CRIMES › Chapter CHAPTER 2— - AIRCRAFT AND MOTOR VEHICLES › § 39

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Makes it a crime to sell or to use a device that can change traffic lights when the sale or use affects commerce between states or with other countries. If someone knowingly sells one to a person who is not allowed, the seller can be fined or jailed up to 1 year. An unauthorized user can be fined or jailed up to 6 months. Traffic signal preemption transmitter — a device that changes a traffic light’s timing or sequence. Nonqualifying user — a person not acting for a government agency or an authorized private company that provides services like fire, police, EMS, transit, or maintenance; classroom or instructional use is excluded.

Full Legal Text

Title 18, §39

Crimes and Criminal Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)Whoever, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly sells a traffic signal preemption transmitter to a nonqualifying user shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.
(2)Whoever, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, being a nonqualifying user makes unauthorized use of a traffic signal preemption transmitter shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than 6 months, or both.
(b)In this section, the following definitions apply:
(1)The term “traffic signal preemption transmitter” means any mechanism that can change or alter a traffic signal’s phase time or sequence.
(2)The term “nonqualifying user” means a person who uses a traffic signal preemption transmitter and is not acting on behalf of a public agency or private corporation authorized by law to provide fire protection, law enforcement, emergency medical services, transit services, maintenance, or other services for a Federal, State, or local government entity, but does not include a person using a traffic signal preemption transmitter for classroom or instructional purposes.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Another section 39 was renumbered section 40 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

18 U.S.C. § 39

Title 18Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73