Title 2The CongressRelease 119-73

§1361 Generally applicable remedies and limitations

Title 2 › Chapter CHAPTER 24— - CONGRESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II— - EXTENSION OF RIGHTS AND PROTECTIONS › Part Part E— - General › § 1361

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Gives winning employees (and people with disabilities making claims under section 1331) the chance to recover lawyer fees, expert fees, and other costs in cases under sections 1405, 1406, 1407, or 1408. The deciding officer, Board, or court can order fees and costs similar to those allowed under 42 U.S.C. 2000e–5(k). The same kind of interest for late payment that 42 U.S.C. 2000e–16(d) allows can also be awarded. No civil penalties or punitive damages are allowed. You must use only the remedies this chapter provides to enforce its rights, except a covered employee under section 1316 can also use applicable parts of chapter 43 of title 38. Definitions and exemptions from the other laws this chapter applies will usually apply here too, but size-based coverage rules from those laws (except the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, 29 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.) do not count. The executive branch may not enforce this chapter.

Full Legal Text

Title 2, §1361

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(a)If a covered employee, with respect to any claim under this chapter, or a qualified person with a disability, with respect to any claim under section 1331 of this title, is a prevailing party in any proceeding under section 1405, 1406, 1407, or 1408 of this title, the hearing officer, Board, or court, as the case may be, may award attorney’s fees, expert fees, and any other costs as would be appropriate if awarded under section 2000e–5(k) of title 42.
(b)In any proceeding under section 1405, 1406, 1407, or 1408 of this title, the same interest to compensate for delay in payment shall be made available as would be appropriate if awarded under section 2000e–16(d) of title 42.
(c)No civil penalty or punitive damages may be awarded with respect to any claim under this chapter.
(d)(1)Except as provided in paragraph (2), no person may commence an administrative or judicial proceeding to seek a remedy for the rights and protections afforded by this chapter except as provided in this chapter.
(2)A covered employee under section 1316 of this title may also utilize any provisions of chapter 43 of title 38 that are applicable to that employee.
(e)(1)Except where inconsistent with definitions and exemptions provided in this chapter, the definitions and exemptions in the laws made applicable by this chapter shall apply under this chapter.
(2)Notwithstanding paragraph (1), provisions in the laws made applicable under this chapter (other than the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act [29 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.]) determining coverage based on size, whether expressed in terms of numbers of employees, amount of business transacted, or other measure, shall not apply in determining coverage under this chapter.
(3)This chapter shall not be construed to authorize enforcement by the executive branch of this chapter.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c), (d)(1), and (e), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 104–1, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 3, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 1301 of this title and Tables. The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is Pub. L. 100–379, Aug. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 890, which is classified generally to chapter 23 (§ 2101 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 2101 of Title 29 and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 115–397 redesignated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (e) read as follows: “Only a covered employee who has undertaken and completed the procedures described in section 1402 and 1403 of this title may be granted a remedy under part A of this subchapter.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–397 effective upon expiration of the 180-day period beginning on Dec. 21, 2018, with provisions for effect on pending proceedings, see section 401 of Pub. L. 115–397, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

2 U.S.C. § 1361

Title 2The Congress

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73