§1419 — Title 20 Education | U.S. Code

Summary

Provides grants from the Secretary of Education to help states pay for special education and related services for children with disabilities aged 3 through 5. States may also use the money for some 2‑year‑olds who will turn 3 during the school year. To get a grant, a state must already qualify for special education funds and must make a free appropriate public education available to all children with disabilities aged 3 through 5 in the state. The money is split among states by a formula that keeps each state’s 1997 base amount, then divides remaining funds mostly by the number of children aged 3–5 (85%) and partly by the number of those children living in poverty (15%). The formula uses the latest population data and includes protections so states do not get less than certain prior amounts. If total funding falls, allocations are adjusted by special rules that compare current funding to 1997 and to the prior year. Each state may set aside a state-level reserve equal to 25% of its 1997 grant, adjusted each year by the smaller of the state’s grant increase or the Consumer Price Index. Up to 20% of that reserve may be used for administration and coordination, including work with other programs. The rest must be used for things like support services (including mediation), direct services to eligible children, activities to meet state performance goals, building a statewide coordinated services system (no more than 1% of the state grant), early intervention services for children who move from early intervention until they enter kindergarten (including school‑readiness help), and, if the state chooses, continued case management for families. States must send the remaining grant money to eligible local education agencies. Local agencies first receive a hold‑harmless amount based on 1997 distributions, then leftover funds are split 85% by the number of school children and 15% by the number of children in poverty. If a local agency is already serving all eligible 3–5‑year‑olds, the state may move its unused funds to other local agencies that need them. The early intervention rules in subchapter III do not apply to any child served with these grant funds. "State" means the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Funds are authorized as needed.

Title 20, §1419

Education — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The Secretary shall provide grants under this section to assist States to provide special education and related services, in accordance with this subchapter—

(1)to children with disabilities aged 3 through 5, inclusive; and

(2)at the State’s discretion, to 2-year-old children with disabilities who will turn 3 during the school year.

(b)A State shall be eligible for a grant under this section if such State—

(1)is eligible under section 1412 of this title to receive a grant under this subchapter; and

(2)makes a free appropriate public education available to all children with disabilities, aged 3 through 5, residing in the State.

(c)(1)The Secretary shall allocate the amount made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year among the States in accordance with paragraph (2) or (3), as the case may be.

(2)If the amount available for allocations to States under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year is equal to or greater than the amount allocated to the States under this section for the preceding fiscal year, those allocations shall be calculated as follows:

(A)(i)Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall—

(I)allocate to each State the amount the State received under this section for fiscal year 1997;

(II)allocate 85 percent of any remaining funds to States on the basis of the States’ relative populations of children aged 3 through 5; and

(III)allocate 15 percent of those remaining funds to States on the basis of the States’ relative populations of all children aged 3 through 5 who are living in poverty.

(ii)For the purpose of making grants under this paragraph, the Secretary shall use the most recent population data, including data on children living in poverty, that are available and satisfactory to the Secretary.

(B)Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), allocations under this paragraph shall be subject to the following:

(i)No State’s allocation shall be less than its allocation under this section for the preceding fiscal year.

(ii)No State’s allocation shall be less than the greatest of—

(I)the sum of—

(aa)the amount the State received under this section for fiscal year 1997; and

(bb)⅓ of 1 percent of the amount by which the amount appropriated under subsection (j) for the fiscal year exceeds the amount appropriated for this section for fiscal year 1997;

(II)the sum of—

(aa)the amount the State received under this section for the preceding fiscal year; and

(bb)that amount multiplied by the percentage by which the increase in the funds appropriated under this section from the preceding fiscal year exceeds 1.5 percent; or

(III)the sum of—

(aa)the amount the State received under this section for the preceding fiscal year; and

(bb)that amount multiplied by 90 percent of the percentage increase in the amount appropriated under this section from the preceding fiscal year.

(iii)Notwithstanding clause (ii), no State’s allocation under this paragraph shall exceed the sum of—

(I)the amount the State received under this section for the preceding fiscal year; and

(II)that amount multiplied by the sum of 1.5 percent and the percentage increase in the amount appropriated under this section from the preceding fiscal year.

(C)If the amount available for allocations under this paragraph is insufficient to pay those allocations in full, those allocations shall be ratably reduced, subject to subparagraph (B)(i).

(3)If the amount available for allocations to States under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year is less than the amount allocated to the States under this section for the preceding fiscal year, those allocations shall be calculated as follows:

(A)If the amount available for allocations is greater than the amount allocated to the States for fiscal year 1997, each State shall be allocated the sum of—

(i)the amount the State received under this section for fiscal year 1997; and

(ii)an amount that bears the same relation to any remaining funds as the increase the State received under this section for the preceding fiscal year over fiscal year 1997 bears to the total of all such increases for all States.

(B)If the amount available for allocations is equal to or less than the amount allocated to the States for fiscal year 1997, each State shall be allocated the amount the State received for fiscal year 1997, ratably reduced, if necessary.

(d)(1)Each State may reserve not more than the amount described in paragraph (2) for administration and other State-level activities in accordance with subsections (e) and (f).

(2)For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall determine and report to the State educational agency an amount that is 25 percent of the amount the State received under this section for fiscal year 1997, cumulatively adjusted by the Secretary for each succeeding fiscal year by the lesser of—

(A)the percentage increase, if any, from the preceding fiscal year in the State’s allocation under this section; or

(B)the percentage increase, if any, from the preceding fiscal year in the Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.

(e)(1)For the purpose of administering this section (including the coordination of activities under this subchapter with, and providing technical assistance to, other programs that provide services to children with disabilities) a State may use not more than 20 percent of the maximum amount the State may reserve under subsection (d) for any fiscal year.

(2)Funds described in paragraph (1) may also be used for the administration of subchapter III.

(f)Each State shall use any funds the State reserves under subsection (d) and does not use for administration under subsection (e)—

(1)for support services (including establishing and implementing the mediation process required by section 1415(e) of this title), which may benefit children with disabilities younger than 3 or older than 5 as long as those services also benefit children with disabilities aged 3 through 5;

(2)for direct services for children eligible for services under this section;

(3)for activities at the State and local levels to meet the performance goals established by the State under section 1412(a)(15) of this title;

(4)to supplement other funds used to develop and implement a statewide coordinated services system designed to improve results for children and families, including children with disabilities and their families, but not more than 1 percent of the amount received by the State under this section for a fiscal year;

(5)to provide early intervention services (which shall include an educational component that promotes school readiness and incorporates preliteracy, language, and numeracy skills) in accordance with subchapter III to children with disabilities who are eligible for services under this section and who previously received services under subchapter III until such children enter, or are eligible under State law to enter, kindergarten; or

(6)at the State’s discretion, to continue service coordination or case management for families who receive services under subchapter III.

(g)(1)Each State that receives a grant under this section for any fiscal year shall distribute all of the grant funds that the State does not reserve under subsection (d) to local educational agencies in the State that have established their eligibility under section 1413 of this title, as follows:

(A)The State shall first award each local educational agency described in paragraph (1) the amount that agency would have received under this section for fiscal year 1997 if the State had distributed 75 percent of its grant for that year under section 1419(c)(3) of this title, as such section was then in effect.

(B)After making allocations under subparagraph (A), the State shall—

(i)allocate 85 percent of any remaining funds to those local educational agencies on the basis of the relative numbers of children enrolled in public and private elementary schools and secondary schools within the local educational agency’s jurisdiction; and

(ii)allocate 15 percent of those remaining funds to those local educational agencies in accordance with their relative numbers of children living in poverty, as determined by the State educational agency.

(2)If a State educational agency determines that a local educational agency is adequately providing a free appropriate public education to all children with disabilities aged 3 through 5 residing in the area served by the local educational agency with State and local funds, the State educational agency may reallocate any portion of the funds under this section that are not needed by that local educational agency to provide a free appropriate public education to other local educational agencies in the State that are not adequately providing special education and related services to all children with disabilities aged 3 through 5 residing in the areas the other local educational agencies serve.

(h)Subchapter III does not apply to any child with a disability receiving a free appropriate public education, in accordance with this subchapter, with funds received under this section.

(i)In this section, the term “State” means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(j)There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1419, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 619, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, § 101,

June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 102, related to preschool grants, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446. Another prior section 1419, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 619, as added Pub. L. 94–142, § 5(a), Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 793; amended Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 9, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1363; Pub. L. 99–457, title II, § 201(a), Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1155; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 102(i), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3296; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, § 901(b)(79)–(93), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1145, 1146; Pub. L. 102–119, §§ 7, 25(b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 591, 607, related to preschool grants, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–17. A prior section 1420, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 620, as added Pub. L. 94–142, § 5(a), Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 793; amended Pub. L. 98–199, § 3(b), Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, which related to payments to States and distribution by States to local educational agencies and intermediate educational units, was omitted in the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–17. Prior sections 1421 to 1427, which comprised former subchapter III of this chapter, were repealed by Pub. L. 105–17, title II, § 203(c),

June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 157, effective Oct. 1, 1997. section 1421, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 621, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 181; Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1363; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 301, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1159; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 103(b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3296; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 301, title IX, § 901(b)(95)–(99), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1117, 1146; Pub. L. 102–119, § 25(b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 607, related to establishment and operation of regional and Federal resource centers. section 1422, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 622, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 182; Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1364; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 302, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 103(c), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3297; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 302, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 102–119, § 25(a)(8), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 391(f)(3), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023, related to services for deaf-blind children and youth. section 1423, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 623, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1365; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 303, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 103(d), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3297; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 303, title IX, § 901(b)(100)–(106), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1121, 1146, 1147; Pub. L. 102–119, §§ 8, 25(a)(9), (b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 592, 606, 607, related to early education for children with disabilities. section 1424, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 624, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1366; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 304, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1162; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 103(e), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3297; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 304, title IX, § 901(b)(107)–(110), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1122, 1147; Pub. L. 102–119, § 25(a)(10), (b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 606, 607, related to programs for children with severe disabilities. section 1424a, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 625, as added Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, § 616, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 584; amended Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1367; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 305, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1162; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 103(f), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3297; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 305, title IX, § 901(b)(111)–(118), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1123, 1147; Pub. L. 102–119, § 25(b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 102–421, title II, § 201(a), Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2164, related to programs of postsecondary, vocational, technical, continuing, or adult education for individuals with disabilities. section 1425, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 626, formerly § 625, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 183, renumbered § 626, Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, § 616, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 584; amended Pub. L. 98–199, §§ 3(b), 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1367; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 306, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 103(g), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3298; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 306, title IX, § 901(b)(119)–(127), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1124, 1147, 1148; Pub. L. 102–119, § 25(a)(11), (b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 606, 607, related to secondary education and transitional services for youth with disabilities. section 1426, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 627, formerly § 626, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 184, renumbered § 627 and amended Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, §§ 616, 617, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 95–49, § 2,

June 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 230; Pub. L. 98–199, § 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1368; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 307, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1127, related to programs for children and youth with serious emotional disturbance. section 1427, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, § 628, as added Pub. L. 98–199, § 10, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1368; amended Pub. L. 99–457, title III, § 307, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1165; Pub. L. 101–476, title III, § 308, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1128, authorized appropriations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Preschool Grants Pub. L. 100–630, title I, § 110, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3303, as amended by Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, § 901(a)(3), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142, provided that: “The provisions of section 300.300(b)(3) of title 34, Code of Federal

Regulations

, shall not apply with respect to children aged 3 through 5, inclusive, in any State for any fiscal year for which the State receives a grant under section 619(a)(1) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1419(a)(1)].”

§1419 Preschool grants