References in Text
The Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(C), is title XI of Pub. L. 101–508, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–400.
section 11801(a)(13) of the Act repealed
section 188 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title
note set out under
section 1 of this title and Tables.
Amendments
2025—Subsec. (a)(3)(G). Pub. L. 119–21 added subpar. (G). 2018—Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 115–141 struck out “, 185” after “179E”. 2014—Subsec. (a)(2)(C), (3)(C). Pub. L. 113–295 struck out “179A,” after “179,”. 2006—Subsec. (a)(2)(C), (3)(C). Pub. L. 109–432 inserted “179E,” after “179D,”. 2005—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–135, § 403(e)(2), (i)(2), inserted “181,” after “179B,” and substituted “193, or 194” for “or 193”. Pub. L. 109–58, § 1331(b)(2), inserted “179D,” after “179C,”. Pub. L. 109–58, § 1323(b)(1), inserted “179C,” after “179B,”. Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 109–58, § 1331(b)(2), inserted “179D,” after “179C,”. Pub. L. 109–58, § 1323(b)(1), inserted “179C,” after “179B,”. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–135, § 402(a)(6)(B), substituted “paragraph (6)” for “paragraph (7)”. Subsec. (b)(5) to (8). Pub. L. 109–135, § 402(a)(6)(A), redesignated pars. (6) to (9) as (5) to (8), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former par. (5). Text read as follows: “Under
Regulations
prescribed by the Secretary, rules consistent with paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection shall apply in the case of transactions described in
section 1081 (relating to exchanges in obedience to SEC orders).” Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 109–135, § 402(a)(6)(A), redesignated par. (9) as (8). Pub. L. 109–58, § 1363(a), added par. (9). 2004—Subsec. (a)(2)(C), (3)(C). Pub. L. 108–357, § 338(b)(5), inserted “179B,” after “179A,”. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 108–357, § 886(b)(2), struck out par. (4) which related to special rule for player contracts if a franchise to conduct any sports enterprise is sold or exchanged. 1997—Subsec. (a)(2)(C), (3)(C). Pub. L. 105–34 inserted “179A,” after “179,”. 1996—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–188 reenacted heading without change and amended introductory provisions generally. Prior to amendment, introductory provisions read as follows: “For purposes of this section, the term ‘
section 1245 property’ means any property which is or has been property of a character subject to the allowance for depreciation provided in
section 167 (or subject to the allowance of amortization provided in)) and is either—”. 1995—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 104–7 struck out “1071 and” before “1081 transactions” in heading and “
section 1071 (relating to gain from sale or exchange to effectuate policies of FCC) or” before “
section 1081” in text. 1993—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 103–66, § 13261(f)(4), substituted “or 193” for “193, or 1253(d)(2) or (3)”. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–66, § 13261(f)(5), struck out “
section 185 or
1253(d)(2) or (3)” after “amortization provided in” in introductory provisions. 1990—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11704(a)(13), substituted “or (3))” for “or (3)” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11801(c)(6)(E), substituted “188 (as in effect before its repeal by the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990),” for “188,”. Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11813(b)(21), substituted “
section 168(i)(13)” for “
section 48(p)”. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, § 11801(c)(8)(H), struck out “371(a), 374(a),” after “332, 351, 361,”. 1989—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 101–239, § 7622(b)(2)(A)[(d)(2)(A)], substituted “193, or 1253(d)(2) or (3)” for “or 193”. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–239, § 7622(b)(2)(B)[(d)(2)(B)], substituted “
section 185 or
1253(d)(2) or (3)” for “
section 185” in introductory provisions. 1988—Subsec. (a)(3)(F). Pub. L. 100–647 added subpar. (F). 1986—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–514, § 201(d)(11)(A), struck out “during a taxable year beginning after
December 31, 1962, or
section 1245 recovery property is disposed of after
December 31, 1980,” after “if
section 1245 property is disposed of”. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, § 201(d)(11)(B), amended par. (2) generally, restating former subpars. (A) to (E) and concluding provisions as subpars. (A) to (C). Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–514, § 201(d)(11)(C), redesignated subpars. (D), (E), and (F) as (C), (D), and (E), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: “an elevator or an escalator”. Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 99–514, § 201(d)(11)(D), struck out par. (5) which defined “
section 1245 recovery property” and par. (6) which provided special rule for qualified leased property. 1985—Subsec. (a)(5)(A) to (C). Pub. L. 99–121 substituted “19-year real property” for “18-year real property”. 1984—Subsec. (a)(5)(A) to (C). Pub. L. 98–369, § 111(e)(5), substituted “18-year real property and low-income housing” for “15-year real property”. Subsec. (d)(5)(D). Pub. L. 98–369, § 111(e)(10), substituted “low-income housing (within the meaning of
section 168(c)(2)(F))” for “15-year real property which is described in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of
section 1250(a)(1)(B)”. 1983—Subsec. (a)(3)(F). Pub. L. 97–448 inserted “(not including a building or its structural components)” after “a storage facility”. 1981—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 97–34, § 204(a), inserted reference to
section 1245 recovery property disposed of after Dec. 31, 1980, in introductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97–34, §§ 202(b)(1)–(3), 204(b), inserted reference to
section 179 in subpar. (D), added subpar. (E), and, in provisions following subpar. (E), and inserted references to
section 179 in three places. Pub. L. 97–34, § 212(d)(2)(F), in provisions following subpar. (E), substituted “191 (as in effect before its repeal by the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981)” for “191” in two places. Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 97–34, § 202(b)(3), inserted reference to
section 179. Subsec. (a)(3)(E), (F). Pub. L. 97–34, § 201(b), added subpars. (E) and (F). Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 97–34, § 204(c), added par. (5). Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 97–34, § 204(d), added par. (6). 1980—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–451, § 301(c)(1)(A), (B), inserted references to
section 194 in subpar. (D) and text following subpar. (D). Pub. L. 96–223, § 251(a)(2)(C)(i)–(iii), inserted references to
section 193 in subpar. (D) and text following subpar. (D). Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 96–451, § 301(c)(1)(B), inserted reference to
section 194. Pub. L. 96–223, § 251(a)(2)(C)(i), inserted reference to
section 193. Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 96–451, § 301(c)(1)(C), added par. (8). 1978—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–600, § 701(f)(3)(A), struck out from the listed sections in subpar. (D) reference to 191 and inserted “(in the case of property described in paragraph (3)(C))” before “191” in two places in next to last sentence. Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 95–600, § 701(f)(3)(B), struck out reference to
section 191. Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 95–600, § 701(w)(2), inserted “attributable to periods after
December 31, 1975,” after “for the depreciation”, “incurred after
December 31, 1975,” after “allowable for losses”, and “described in clause (i)” after “of the amounts”. Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 95–600, § 701(w)(1), struck out provisions relating to the aggregate of the amounts treated as ordinary income. 1976—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(b)(3)(K), substituted “ordinary income” for “gain from the sale or exchange of property which is neither a capital asset nor property described in
section 1231”. Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 94–455, §§ 2122(b)(3)(B), 2124(a)(2), inserted reference to
section 190 and
191. Subsec. (a)(2) foll. (D). Pub. L. 94–455, §§ 1901(b)(11)(D), 1951(c)(2)(C), 2122(b)(3)(A), (C), 2124(a)(2), in text following subpar. (D): struck out reference to
section 187 in two places; inserted “(as in effect before its repeal by the Tax Reform Act of 1976),” after “
section 168,” in two places; inserted provision for treatment for purposes of this section of any deduction allowable under
section 190 as if it were a deduction allowable for amortization; and inserted reference to
section 191 in two places, respectively. Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 94–455, §§ 2122(b)(3)(A), 2124(a)(2), inserted reference to
section 190 and
191. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 94–455, § 212(b)(1), added par. (4). Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”. Subsec. (b)(7)(B). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(140), struck out “such organization acquiring such property,” before “such organization”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out “or his delegate” after “Secretary”. 1975—Subsec. (b)(3), (7). Pub. L. 94–81, § 2(a)(1), (2), inserted reference to par. (7) in par. (3), and added par. (7). 1971—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 92–178, § 303(c)(1), inserted reference to
section 188 in two places in text following subpar. (D). Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 92–178, § 104(a)(2), substituted “research facility” for “research or storage facility” in cl. (ii) and added cl. (iii). Subsec. (a)(3)(D). Pub. L. 92–178, § 303(c)(2), inserted reference to
section 188. 1969—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 91–172, §§ 212(a)(1), 704(b)(4)(A), (B), added subpar. (C) and inserted references to
section 169, 185, and 187, and added subpar. (D). Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 91–172, §§ 212(a)(2), 704(b)(4)(C)–(F), struck out “(other than livestock)” after “means any property” and substituted “
section 167 (or subject to the allowance of amortization provided in
section 185)” for “
section 167” and added subpar. (D). 1964—Subsec. (a)(2), (3)(C). Pub. L. 88–272 redefined “recomputed basis” with respect to elevators or escalators in par. (2), and inserted subpar. (C) in par. (3).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
of 2025 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 119–21 applicable to property placed in service after July 4, 2025, see
section 70307(c) of Pub. L. 119–21, set out as a note under
section 168 of this title.
Effective Date
of 2014 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a
Savings Provision
, see
section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under
section 1 of this title.
Effective Date
of 2006 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–432 applicable to costs paid or incurred after Dec. 20, 2006, see
section 404(c) of Pub. L. 109–432, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 179E of this title.
Effective Date
of 2005 AmendmentAmendment by
section 402(a)(6) of Pub. L. 109–135 effective as if included in the provisions of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–58, to which it relates, but not applicable with respect to any transaction ordered in compliance with the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (15 U.S.C. 79 et seq.) before its repeal, see
section 402(m) of Pub. L. 109–135, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2005
Amendments
note under
section 23 of this title.
Amendments
by
section 403(e)(2), (i)(2) of Pub. L. 109–135 effective as if included in the provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108–357, to which they relate, see
section 403(nn) of Pub. L. 109–135, set out as a note under
section 26 of this title. Amendment by
section 1323(b)(1) of Pub. L. 109–58 applicable to properties placed in service after Aug. 8, 2005, see
section 1323(c) of Pub. L. 109–58, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 179C of this title. Amendment by
section 1331(b)(2) of Pub. L. 109–58 applicable to property placed in service after Dec. 31, 2005, see
section 1331(d) of Pub. L. 109–58, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 179D of this title. Pub. L. 109–58, title XIII, § 1363(b), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 1060, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to dispositions of property after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 8, 2005].”
Effective Date
of 2004 AmendmentAmendment by
section 338(b)(5) of Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to expenses paid or incurred after Dec. 31, 2002, in taxable years ending after such date, see
section 338(c) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 179B of this title. Amendment by
section 886(b)(2) of Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to franchises acquired after Oct. 22, 2004, see
section 886(c)(2) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under
section 197 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1997 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 105–34 effective as if included in the
Amendments
made by
section 1913 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102–486, see
section 1604(a)(4) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under
section 263 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–188 effective as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, §§ 13001–13444, to which such amendment relates, see
section 1703(o) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under
section 39 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1995 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–7 applicable to sales and exchanges on or after January 17, 1995, and to sales and exchanges before such date if FCC tax certificate with respect to such sale or exchange was issued on or after such date, but not applicable with respect to certain binding contracts, see
section 2(d) of Pub. L. 104–7, set out as an
Effective Date
of Repeal note under
section 1071 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1993 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 103–66 applicable, except as otherwise provided, with respect to property acquired after Aug. 10, 1993, see
section 13261(g) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 197 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1990 AmendmentAmendment by
section 11813(b)(21) of Pub. L. 101–508 applicable to property placed in service after Dec. 31, 1990, but not applicable to any transition property (as defined in
section 49(e) of this title), any property with respect to which qualified progress expenditures were previously taken into account under
section 46(d) of this title, and any property described in
section 46(b)(2)(C) of this title, as such sections were in effect on Nov. 4, 1990, see
section 11813(c) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under
section 45K of this title.
Effective Date
of 1989 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101–239 applicable to transfers after Oct. 2, 1989, but not applicable to any transfer pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on Oct. 2, 1989, and at all times thereafter before the transfer, see
section 7622(c)[(e)] of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under
section 167 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see
section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under
section 1 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to property placed in service after Dec. 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date, with exceptions, see
section 203 and
204 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under
section 168 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 not applicable to any property placed in service before Jan. 1, 1994, if such property placed in service as part of specified rehabilitations, and not applicable to certain additional rehabilitations, see
section 251(d)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under
section 46 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1985 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–121 applicable with respect to property placed in service by the taxpayer after May 8, 1985, with specified exceptions, see
section 105(b) of Pub. L. 99–121, set out as a note under
section 168 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–369 applicable with respect to property placed in service by the taxpayer after Mar. 15, 1984, subject to certain exceptions, see
section 111(g) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under
section 168 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1983 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 97–448 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provision of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97–34, to which such amendment relates, see
section 109 of Pub. L. 97–448, set out as a note under
section 1 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1981 AmendmentAmendment by
section 201(b), 202(b), and 204(a)–(d) of Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to property placed in service after Dec. 31, 1980, in taxable years ending after that date, see
section 209(a) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 168 of this title. Amendment by
section 212(d)(2)(F) of Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to expenditures incurred after Dec. 31, 1981, in taxable years ending after such date, see
section 212(e) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under
section 46 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1980 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 96–451 applicable with respect to additions to capital account made after Dec. 31, 1979, see
section 301(d) of Pub. L. 96–451, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 194 of this title. Amendment by Pub. L. 96–223 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1979, see
section 251(b) of Pub. L. 96–223, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 193 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1978 AmendmentAmendment by
section 701(f)(3)(A), (B) of Pub. L. 95–600 effective as if included within the amendment of subsec. (a)(2), (3)(D) by
section 2124 of Pub. L. 94–455, see
section 701(f)(8) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1978
Amendments
note under
section 167 of this title. Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, § 701(w)(3), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2920, provided that: “The
Amendments
made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to transfers of player contracts in connection with any sale or exchange of a franchise after December 31, 1975.”
Effective Date
of 1976 Amendment Pub. L. 94–455, title II, § 212(b)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1547, provided that: “The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] applies to transfers of player contracts in connection with any sale or exchange of a franchise after December 31, 1975.” Amendment by
section 1901(a)(140), (b)(3)(K), (11)(D) of Pub. L. 94–455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see
section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under
section 2 of this title. Amendment by
section 1951(c)(2)(C) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see
section 1951(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under
section 72 of this title. Amendment by
section 2122(b)(3) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see
section 2122(c) of Pub. L. 94–455, as amended, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 190 of this title. Amendment by
section 2124(a)(2) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to additions to capital account made after
June 14, 1976 and before
June 15, 1981, see
section 2124(a)(4) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as an
Effective Date
note under
section 642 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1975 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 94–81 applicable to dispositions after Dec. 31, 1969, in taxable years ending after such date, with special provision for an election in the case of dispositions occurring before Aug. 9, 1975, see
section 2(c) of Pub. L. 94–81, set out as a note under
section 1250 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1971 AmendmentAmendment by
section 104(a)(2) of Pub. L. 92–178 applicable to property described in
section 50 of this title relating to restoration of credit, see
section 104(h) of Pub. L. 92–178, set out as a note under
section 48 of this title. Amendment by
section 303(c)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 92–178 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1971, see
section 303(d) of Pub. L. 92–178, set out as a note under
section 642 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1969 Amendment Pub. L. 91–172, title II, § 212(a)(3), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 571, provided that: “The
Amendments
made by paragraphs (1) and (2) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1969.” Amendment by
section 704(b)(4) of Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1968, see
section 704(c) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under
section 169 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1964 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 88–272 applicable with respect to dispositions after Dec. 31, 1963, in taxable years ending after such date, see
section 203(f)(3) of Pub. L. 88–272, set out as a note under
section 48 of this title.
Effective Date
Pub. L. 87–834, § 13(g), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1035, provided that: “The
Amendments
made by this section [enacting this section and amending
section 167, 170, 301, 312, 341, 453, 613, and 751 of this title] (other than the
Amendments
made by subsection (c) [amending
section 167, 179, and 642 of this title]) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962. The
Amendments
made by subsection (c) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1961, and ending after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 16, 1962].”
Savings Provision
For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 115–141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see
section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under
section 23 of this title. For provisions that nothing in amendment by
section 11801 and
11813 of Pub. L. 101–508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see
section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under
section 45K of this title.