§1366 — Title 26 Internal Revenue Code | U.S. Code

Summary

Shareholders must report their pro rata share of an S corporation’s tax items on their own tax returns for the year the S corporation’s tax year ends (and for a shareholder who dies, or a trust or estate that ends, before the S corporation’s year ends). That includes two kinds of items: separately stated items (8 types of items, such as taxable and tax‑exempt income, losses, deductions, or credits that can change a shareholder’s tax) and nonseparately computed income or loss (gross income minus the corporation’s deductions, not counting the separately stated items). Each item keeps the same tax character it had to the corporation, and a shareholder’s gross income includes their share of the corporation’s gross income. Losses and deductions a shareholder can use are limited to the shareholder’s adjusted basis in the stock (as figured under the tax rules) plus any loan the shareholder made to the corporation. Any disallowed loss or deduction carries forward and is treated as happening in the next year for that shareholder (and, for certain transfers under section 1041, for the transferee). Special rules apply if the S status ends: disallowed losses from the corporation’s last S year are treated as incurred by the shareholder at the end of the post‑termination transition period, subject to basis limits and reductions. If a family member renders services or capital without reasonable pay, the IRS must adjust items to reflect the value provided. The credit under section 34 is excluded. Taxes under section 1374 are treated as corporate losses allocated to the built‑in gains, and taxes under section 1375 reduce each item of passive investment income proportionally.

Title 26, §1366

Internal Revenue Code — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)In determining the tax under this chapter of a shareholder for the shareholder’s taxable year in which the taxable year of the S corporation ends (or for the final taxable year of a shareholder who dies, or of a trust or estate which terminates, before the end of the corporation’s taxable year), there shall be taken into account the shareholder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s—

(A)items of income (including tax-exempt income), loss, deduction, or credit the separate treatment of which could affect the liability for tax of any shareholder, and

(B)nonseparately computed income or loss.

(2)For purposes of this subchapter, the term “nonseparately computed income or loss” means gross income minus the deductions allowed to the corporation under this chapter, determined by excluding all items described in paragraph (1)(A).

(b)The character of any item included in a shareholder’s pro rata share under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) shall be determined as if such item were realized directly from the source from which realized by the corporation, or incurred in the same manner as incurred by the corporation.

(c)In any case where it is necessary to determine the gross income of a shareholder for purposes of this title, such gross income shall include the shareholder’s pro rata share of the gross income of the corporation.

(d)(1)The aggregate amount of losses and deductions taken into account by a shareholder under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed the sum of—

(A)the adjusted basis of the shareholder’s stock in the S corporation (determined with regard to paragraphs (1) and (2)(A) of section 1367(a) for the taxable year), and

(B)the shareholder’s adjusted basis of any indebtedness of the S corporation to the shareholder (determined without regard to any adjustment under paragraph (2) of section 1367(b) for the taxable year).

(2)(A)Except as provided in subparagraph (B), any loss or deduction which is disallowed for any taxable year by reason of paragraph (1) shall be treated as incurred by the corporation in the succeeding taxable year with respect to that shareholder.

(B)In the case of any transfer described in section 1041(a) of stock of an S corporation, any loss or deduction described in subparagraph (A) with respect such stock shall be treated as incurred by the corporation in the succeeding taxable year with respect to the transferee.

(3)(A)If for the last taxable year of a corporation for which it was an S corporation a loss or deduction was disallowed by reason of paragraph (1), such loss or deduction shall be treated as incurred by the shareholder on the last day of any post-termination transition period.

(B)The aggregate amount of losses and deductions taken into account by a shareholder under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed the adjusted basis of the shareholder’s stock in the corporation (determined at the close of the last day of the post-termination transition period and without regard to this paragraph).

(C)The shareholder’s basis in the stock of the corporation shall be reduced by the amount allowed as a deduction by reason of this paragraph.

(D)To the extent that any increase in adjusted basis described in subparagraph (B) would have increased the shareholder’s amount at risk under section 465 if such increase had occurred on the day preceding the commencement of the post-termination transition period, rules similar to the rules described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) shall apply to any losses disallowed by reason of section 465(a).

(4)In the case of any charitable contribution of property to which the second sentence of section 1367(a)(2) applies, paragraph (1) shall not apply to the extent of the excess (if any) of—

(A)the shareholder’s pro rata share of such contribution, over

(B)the shareholder’s pro rata share of the adjusted basis of such property.

(e)If an individual who is a member of the family (within the meaning of section 704(e)(2) of one or more shareholders of an S corporation renders services for the corporation or furnishes capital to the corporation without receiving reasonable compensation therefor, the Secretary shall make such adjustments in the items taken into account by such individual and such shareholders as may be necessary in order to reflect the value of such services or capital.

(f)(1)Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to any credit allowable under section 34 (relating to certain uses of gasoline and special fuels).

(2)If any tax is imposed under section 1374 for any taxable year on an S corporation, for purposes of subsection (a), the amount so imposed shall be treated as a loss sustained by the S corporation during such taxable year. The character of such loss shall be determined by allocating the loss proportionately among the recognized built-in gains giving rise to such tax.

(3)If any tax is imposed under section 1375 for any taxable year on an S corporation, for purposes of subsection (a), each item of passive investment income shall be reduced by an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount of such tax as—

(A)the amount of such item, bears to

(B)the total passive investment income for the taxable year.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–141 substituted “section 704(e)(2)” for “section 704(e)(3)”. 2007—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 110–172 added par. (4). 2004—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–357 reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Any loss or deduction which is disallowed for any taxable year by reason of paragraph (1) shall be treated as incurred by the corporation in the succeeding taxable year with respect to that shareholder.” 1996—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–188, § 1302(e), inserted “, or of a trust or estate which terminates,” after “who dies” in introductory provisions. Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–188, § 1309(a)(1), substituted “paragraphs (1) and (2)(A)” for “paragraph (1)”. Subsec. (d)(3)(D). Pub. L. 104–188, § 1312, added subpar. (D). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–188, § 1307(c)(3)(A), struck out subsec. (g) which provided a cross reference to subchapter D of chapter 63 of this title. 1989—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 101–239 substituted “Treatment of tax imposed on built-in gains” for “Reduction in pass-thru for tax imposed on built-in gains” in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “If any tax is imposed under section 1374 for any taxable year on an S corporation, for purposes of subsection (a), the amount of each recognized built-in gain (within the meaning of section 1374) for such taxable year shall be reduced by its proportionate share of such tax.” 1988—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted “within the meaning of section 1374” for “as defined in section 1374(d)(2)”. 1986—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, § 632(c)(2), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2), reduction in pass-thru for tax imposed on capital gain, read as follows: “If any tax is imposed under section 1374 for any taxable year on an S corporation, for purposes of subsection (a)— “(A) the amount of the corporation’s long-term capital gains for the taxable year shall be reduced by the amount of such tax, and “(B) if the amount of such tax exceeds the amount of such long-term capital gains, the corporation’s gains from sales or exchanges of property described in section 1231 shall be reduced by the amount of such excess. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘long-term capital gain’ shall not include any gain from the sale or exchange of property described in section 1231.” Pub. L. 99–514, § 701(e)(4)(K), struck out “56 or” before “1374”. 1984—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–369, § 474(r)(26), substituted “section 34” for “section 39” in heading and text. Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 98–369, § 735(c)(16), substituted “and special fuels” for “, special fuels, and lubricating oil”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2007 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 110–172 effective as if included in the provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109–280, to which such amendment relates, see section 3(j) of Pub. L. 110–172, set out as a note under section 170 of this title.

Effective Date

of 2004 Amendment Pub. L. 108–357, title II, § 235(b), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1435, as amended by Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, § 403(c), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2620, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to transfers after December 31, 2004.”

Effective Date

of 1996 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 104–188 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 1317(a) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 641 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1989 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 101–239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1988 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by section 632(c)(2) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, but only in cases where the return for the taxable year is filed pursuant to an S election made after Dec. 31, 1986, with exceptions and special and transitional rules, see section 633 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 336 of this title. Amendment by section 701(e)(4)(K) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 701(f) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 55 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by section 474(r)(26) of Pub. L. 98–369 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, and to carrybacks from such years, see section 475(a) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 21 of this title. Amendment by section 735(c)(16) of Pub. L. 98–369 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Highway Revenue Act of 1982, title V of Pub. L. 97–424, to which such amendment relates, see section 736 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 4051 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1982, except that in the case of a taxable year beginning during 1982, subsec. (f)(3) of this section and section 1362(d)(3) and 1375 of this title shall apply, and section 1372(e)(5) of this title as in effect on the day before Oct. 19, 1982, shall not apply, see section 6(a), (b)(3) of Pub. L. 97–354, set out as a note under section 1361 of this title. Applicability of Certain

Amendments

by Pub. L. 99–514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United StatesFor applicability of amendment by section 701(e)(4)(K) of Pub. L. 99–514 notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of Pub. L. 100–647 be treated as if it had been included in the provision of Pub. L. 99–514 to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(2), (4) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

§1366 Pass-thru of items to shareholders

Summary

Title 26, §1366

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

Amendments

Citations & Metadata