Title 28Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-73

§3003 Rules of construction

Title 28 › Part PART VI— - PARTICULAR PROCEEDINGS › Chapter CHAPTER 176— - FEDERAL DEBT COLLECTION PROCEDURE › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER A— - DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS › § 3003

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Explains how to read the words and rules in this chapter. The words "includes" or "including" do not limit what is covered, the word "or" can mean more than one option, and a singular word can also mean more than one. It also says the United States still has its usual powers to collect taxes or other tax-like amounts, collect fines or restitution from criminal cases, ask a court to appoint a receiver, and enforce security or lien agreements. Says the chapter does not replace other important laws, like bankruptcy (title 11), admiralty law, certain federal statutes (for example 31 U.S.C. 3713 and 15 U.S.C. 1673), criminal statutes of limitation, set-off or recoupment rights, or a court’s power to issue injunctions, sanctions, receivers, or contempt orders. If a State law conflicts, the chapter overrides the State law. It also does not limit U.S. rights under foreign law, treaties, or international law. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure apply unless the chapter says otherwise.

Full Legal Text

Title 28, §3003

Judiciary and Judicial Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)For purposes of this chapter—
(1)the terms “includes” and “including” are not limiting;
(2)the term “or” is not exclusive; and
(3)the singular includes the plural.
(b)This chapter shall not be construed to curtail or limit the right of the United States under any other Federal law or any State law—
(1)to collect taxes or to collect any other amount collectible in the same manner as a tax;
(2)to collect any fine, penalty, assessment, restitution, or forfeiture arising in a criminal case;
(3)to appoint or seek the appointment of a receiver; or
(4)to enforce a security agreement.
(c)This chapter shall not be construed to supersede or modify the operation of—
(1)title 11;
(2)admiralty law;
(4)section 303 of the Consumer Credit Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 1673);
(5)a statute of limitation applicable to a criminal proceeding;
(6)the common law or statutory rights to set-off or recoupment;
(7)any Federal law authorizing, or any inherent authority of a court to provide, injunctive relief;
(8)the authority of a court—
(A)to impose a sanction under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure;
(B)to appoint a receiver to effectuate its order; or
(C)to exercise the power of contempt under any Federal law;
(9)any law authorizing the United States to obtain partition, or to recover possession, of property in which the United States holds title; or
(10)any provision of any other chapter of this title, except to the extent such provision is inconsistent with this chapter.
(d)This chapter shall preempt State law to the extent such law is inconsistent with a provision of this chapter.
(e)This chapter shall not be construed to curtail or limit the rights of the United States under foreign law, under a treaty or an international agreement, or otherwise under international law.
(f)Except as provided otherwise in this chapter, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply with respect to actions and proceedings under this chapter.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsecs. (c)(8)(A) and (f), are set out in the Appendix to this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Nov. 29, 1990, and applicable with respect to certain actions for debts owed the United States pending in court on that

Effective Date

, see section 3631 of Pub. L. 101–647, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

28 U.S.C. § 3003

Title 28Judiciary and Judicial Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73