Title 28Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-73

§3103 Receivership

Title 28 › Part PART VI— - PARTICULAR PROCEEDINGS › Chapter CHAPTER 176— - FEDERAL DEBT COLLECTION PROCEDURE › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER B— - PREJUDGMENT REMEDIES › § 3103

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

A court can appoint a receiver to take charge of property a debtor owns if section 3101 is met and the United States shows reasonable cause to believe the property might be removed from the court’s reach, lost, hidden, seriously damaged, or mismanaged. The court can let the receiver take possession, run or sell real or personal property, sue to collect money owed, and lease, repair, or improve property under section 3007. The receiver cannot hire lawyers, accountants, appraisers, auctioneers, or other professionals unless the court allows it. A receivership ends when judgment is entered or an appeal finishes unless the court orders it to continue under section 3203(e) or otherwise. The receiver must keep written records of money in and out, describe the property, say where funds are kept, allow interested people to inspect the records, and file regular reports that the receiver gives to the debtor and the United States. The court can remove or change the receiver’s powers at any time. If more than one court appoints a receiver, the first one who qualifies gets control. The court may let the receiver earn up to 5 percent of amounts handled unless it decides otherwise. If no funds remain at the end, the court can set pay and may order the party who asked for the receiver to cover it and any unpaid necessary expenses. The receiver must file a final accounting and ask for payment that lists the amount and work done.

Full Legal Text

Title 28, §3103

Judiciary and Judicial Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)If the requirements of section 3101 are satisfied, a court may appoint a receiver for property in which the debtor has a substantial nonexempt interest if the United States shows reasonable cause to believe that there is a substantial danger that the property will be removed from the jurisdiction of the court, lost, concealed, materially injured or damaged, or mismanaged.
(b)(1)The appointing court may authorize a receiver—
(A)to take possession of real and personal property and sue for, collect, and sell obligations upon such conditions and for such purposes as the court shall direct; and
(B)to administer, collect, improve, lease, repair or sell pursuant to section 3007 such real and personal property as the court shall direct.
(2)Unless expressly authorized by order of the court, a receiver shall have no power to employ attorneys, accountants, appraisers, auctioneers, or other professional persons.
(c)A receivership shall not continue past the entry of judgment, or the conclusion of an appeal of such judgment, unless the court orders it continued under section 3203(e) or unless the court otherwise directs its continuation.
(d)A receiver shall keep written accounts itemizing receipts and expenditures, describing the property and naming the depository of receivership funds. The receiver’s accounts shall be open to inspection by any person having an apparent interest in the property. The receiver shall file reports at regular intervals as directed by the court and shall serve the debtor and the United States with a copy thereof.
(e)On motion of the receiver or on its own initiative, the court which appointed the receiver may remove the receiver or modify the receiver’s powers at any time.
(f)If more than one court appoints a receiver for particular property, the receiver first qualifying under law shall be entitled to take possession, control, or custody of the property.
(g)(1)A receiver is entitled to such commissions, not exceeding 5 percent of the sums received and disbursed by him, as the court allows unless the court otherwise directs.
(2)If, at the termination of a receivership, there are no funds in the hands of a receiver, the court may fix the compensation of the receiver in accordance with the services rendered and may direct the party who moved for the appointment of the receiver to pay such compensation in addition to the necessary expenditures incurred by the receiver which remain unpaid.
(3)At the termination of a receivership, the receiver shall file a final accounting of the receipts and disbursements and apply for compensation setting forth the amount sought and the services rendered by the receiver.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Nov. 29, 1990, and applicable with respect to certain actions for debts owed the United States pending in court on that

Effective Date

, see section 3631 of Pub. L. 101–647, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

28 U.S.C. § 3103

Title 28Judiciary and Judicial Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73