Title 28Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-73

§3104 Garnishment

Title 28 › Part PART VI— - PARTICULAR PROCEEDINGS › Chapter CHAPTER 176— - FEDERAL DEBT COLLECTION PROCEDURE › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER B— - PREJUDGMENT REMEDIES › § 3104

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

A court can order someone who holds a debtor’s property (but not the debtor’s wages) to turn it over to pay a debt if the earlier legal requirements are met. Co-owned property is handled the same way the state law treats co-ownership. The court can issue separate orders to several holders at once. The order stays in effect until rules say it ends. Most rules for garnishment elsewhere apply here, except wages can’t be taken and “judgment debtor” is read as “debtor.” When the United States asks for a garnishment, it must say how much it claims and the date of the order. The court cannot take more value than the debt plus likely interest and costs, minus the debtor’s nonexempt share of any property securing the debt and any property already attached, in receivership, or income sequestered under this part.

Full Legal Text

Title 28, §3104

Judiciary and Judicial Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)If the requirements of section 3101 are satisfied, a court may issue a writ of garnishment against property (excluding earnings) in which the debtor has a substantial nonexempt interest and which is in the possession, custody, or control of a person other than the debtor in order to satisfy a claim for a debt. Co-owned property shall be subject to garnishment to the same extent as co-owned property is subject to garnishment under the law of the State in which such property is located. A court may issue simultaneous separate writs of garnishment to several garnishees. A writ of garnishment issued under this subsection shall be continuing and shall terminate only as provided in section 3205(c)(10).
(b)(1)Subsections (b)(2) and (c) of section 3205 shall apply with respect to garnishment under this section, except that for purposes of this section—
(A)earnings of the debtor shall not be subject to garnishment; and
(B)a reference in such subsections to a judgment debtor shall be deemed to be a reference to a debtor.
(2)The United States shall include in its application for a writ of garnishment—
(A)the amount of the claim asserted by the United States for a debt; and
(B)the date the writ is issued.
(c)The value of property garnished shall not exceed the amount by which the sum of the amount of the debt claimed by the United States and the amount of interest and costs reasonably likely to be assessed against the debtor by the court exceeds the aggregate value of the nonexempt interest of the debtor in any—
(1)property securing the debt; and
(2)property attached or in receivership, or income sequestered, under this subchapter.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Nov. 29, 1990, and applicable with respect to certain actions for debts owed the United States pending in court on that

Effective Date

, see section 3631 of Pub. L. 101–647, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

28 U.S.C. § 3104

Title 28Judiciary and Judicial Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73