Title 42The Public Health and WelfareRelease 119-73

§1856n–1 Reciprocal agreements with liability coverage

Title 42 › Chapter CHAPTER 15A— - RECIPROCAL FIRE PROTECTION AGREEMENTS › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II— - WILDFIRE SUPPRESSION WITH FOREIGN FIRE ORGANIZATION › § 1856n–1

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Agriculture and Interior Departments can make deals with foreign firefighting groups that say a foreign firefighter will be treated like a United States employee for legal claims while doing official work. If the deal says so, any lawsuit about the firefighter’s actions or about things the foreign group is legally responsible for can only be brought against the United States, and the claim will be handled as if a U.S. employee caused it. Those protections can be offered only if the foreign fire group agrees to take full legal responsibility for any suit against the Federal firefighter for acts while on duty, and to take on liability for suits against the United States or its legal affiliates for acts by the Federal firefighter or other acts for which the United States is legally responsible in the foreign group's courts.

Full Legal Text

Title 42, §1856n–1

The Public Health and Welfare — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Subject to subsection (b), in an agreement with a foreign fire organization entered into under section 1856n of this title, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior may provide that—
(1)a foreign firefighter shall be considered to be an employee of the United States for purposes of tort liability while the foreign firefighter is acting within the scope of an official duty under the agreement; and
(2)any claim against the foreign fire organization or any legal organization associated with the foreign firefighter that arises out of an act or omission of the foreign firefighter in the performance of an official duty under the agreement, or that arises out of any other act, omission, or occurrence for which the foreign fire organization or legal organization associated with the foreign firefighter is legally responsible under applicable law, may be prosecuted only—
(A)against the United States; and
(B)as if the act or omission were the act or omission of an employee of the United States.
(b)The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior may provide the protections under subsection (a) if the foreign fire organization agrees—
(1)to assume any and all liability for any legal action brought against the Federal firefighter for an act or omission of the Federal firefighter while acting within the scope of an official duty under the agreement; and
(2)to the extent the United States or any legal organization associated with the Federal firefighter is not entitled to immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts having jurisdiction over the foreign fire organization receiving the services of the Federal firefighters, to assume any and all liability for any legal action brought against the United States or the legal organization arising out of—
(A)an act or omission of the Federal firefighter in the performance of an official duty under the agreement; or
(B)any other act, omission, or occurrence for which the United States or the legal organization associated with the Federal firefighter is legally responsible under the laws applicable to the foreign fire organization.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4 of Pub. L. 100–428 was renumbered section 5 and is classified to section 1856o of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

42 U.S.C. § 1856n–1

Title 42The Public Health and Welfare

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73