Title 42The Public Health and WelfareRelease 119-73

§2000a Prohibition against discrimination or segregation in places of public accommodation

Title 42 › Chapter CHAPTER 21— - CIVIL RIGHTS › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II— - PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS › § 2000a

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Everyone must be allowed to use and enjoy what public places offer without being turned away or separated because of race, color, religion, or national origin. This protection covers things like lodging, places that sell food or gas, movie theaters and other entertainment venues, and businesses that are inside or contain those kinds of places. A lodging business is covered unless it is a home with five or fewer rooms rented while the owner lives there. A food or gas business is covered if it serves interstate travelers or if a large part of what it sells moved across state lines. A theater is covered if it shows films or performances that move in commerce. "Commerce" means trade, travel, or communication across state lines, with Washington, D.C., or with foreign countries. Discrimination is also covered if it is carried out under a law, under officials’ enforced customs, or required by a government action. Private clubs not open to the public are not covered unless they make their facilities available to customers of a covered place.

Full Legal Text

Title 42, §2000a

The Public Health and Welfare — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation, as defined in this section, without discrimination or segregation on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin.
(b)Each of the following establishments which serves the public is a place of public accommodation within the meaning of this subchapter if its operations affect commerce, or if discrimination or segregation by it is supported by State action:
(1)any inn, hotel, motel, or other establishment which provides lodging to transient guests, other than an establishment located within a building which contains not more than five rooms for rent or hire and which is actually occupied by the proprietor of such establishment as his residence;
(2)any restaurant, cafeteria, lunchroom, lunch counter, soda fountain, or other facility principally engaged in selling food for consumption on the premises, including, but not limited to, any such facility located on the premises of any retail establishment; or any gasoline station;
(3)any motion picture house, theater, concert hall, sports arena, stadium or other place of exhibition or entertainment; and
(4)any establishment (A)(i) which is physically located within the premises of any establishment otherwise covered by this subsection, or (ii) within the premises of which is physically located any such covered establishment, and (B) which holds itself out as serving patrons of such covered establishment.
(c)The operations of an establishment affect commerce within the meaning of this subchapter if (1) it is one of the establishments described in paragraph (1) of subsection (b); (2) in the case of an establishment described in paragraph (2) of subsection (b), it serves or offers to serve interstate travelers or a substantial portion of the food which it serves, or gasoline or other products which it sells, has moved in commerce; (3) in the case of an establishment described in paragraph (3) of subsection (b), it customarily presents films, performances, athletic teams, exhibitions, or other sources of entertainment which move in commerce; and (4) in the case of an establishment described in paragraph (4) of subsection (b), it is physically located within the premises of, or there is physically located within its premises, an establishment the operations of which affect commerce within the meaning of this subsection. For purposes of this section, “commerce” means travel, trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, or communication among the several States, or between the District of Columbia and any State, or between any foreign country or any territory or possession and any State or the District of Columbia, or between points in the same State but through any other State or the District of Columbia or a foreign country.
(d)Discrimination or segregation by an establishment is supported by State action within the meaning of this subchapter if such discrimination or segregation (1) is carried on under color of any law, statute, ordinance, or regulation; or (2) is carried on under color of any custom or usage required or enforced by officials of the State or political subdivision thereof; or (3) is required by action of the State or political subdivision thereof.
(e)The provisions of this subchapter shall not apply to a private club or other establishment not in fact open to the public, except to the extent that the facilities of such establishment are made available to the customers or patrons of an establishment within the scope of subsection (b).

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

of 2009 Amendment Pub. L. 111–2, § 1, Jan. 29, 2009, 123 Stat. 5, provided that: “This Act [amending section 2000e–5 and 2000e–16 of this title and section 626, 633a, and 794a of Title 29, Labor, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2000e–5 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009’.”

Short Title

of 1992 Amendment Pub. L. 102–411, § 1, Oct. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 2102, provided that: “This Act [amending section 2000e–4 of this title] may be cited as the ‘EEOC Education, Technical Assistance, and Training Revolving Fund Act of 1992’.”

Short Title

of 1972 Amendment Pub. L. 92–261, § 1, Mar. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 103, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 2000e–16 and 2000e–17 of this title, amending section 5108 and 5314 to 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and sections 2000e to 2000e–6, 2000e–8, 2000e–9, 2000e–13, and 2000e–14 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2000e–5 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972’.”

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–352, § 1, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, provided: “That this Act [enacting subchapters II to IX of this chapter, amending section 2204 and 2205 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, section 1447(d) of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and section 1971 and 1975a to 1975d of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2000e of this title] may be cited as the ‘Civil Rights Act of 1964’.”

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

42 U.S.C. § 2000a

Title 42The Public Health and Welfare

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73