Title 46ShippingRelease 119-73

§5101 Definitions

Title 46 › Subtitle Subtitle II— - Vessels and Seamen › Part Part C— - Load Lines of Vessels › Chapter CHAPTER 51— - LOAD LINES › § 5101

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Sets meanings for key words used in the chapter about ship loading and safety. "Domestic voyage" means travel between places in or under U.S. control, but not a trip that goes from a U.S. territory or possession (or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) to a place outside that territory. "Economic benefit of the overloading" is the overload weight in tons times the smaller of the voyage’s average freight rate per ton or $50. "Existing vessel" means a ship whose keel was laid (or similarly started) before January 1, 1986 for domestic voyages, or before July 21, 1968 for foreign voyages. "Freeboard" is the vertical distance from the assigned load-line mark to the freeboard deck. "Freeboard deck" is the deck the Secretary sets by regulation. "Minimum safe freeboard" is the smallest freeboard the Secretary allows as still safe without limiting the ship’s use. "Weight of the overload" is the inches the ship is submerged past its assigned freeboard multiplied by the vessel’s tons-per-inch immersion factor at the assigned minimum safe freeboard.

Full Legal Text

Title 46, §5101

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In this chapter—
(1)“domestic voyage” means movement of a vessel between places in, or subject to the jurisdiction of, the United States, except movement between—
(A)a place in a territory or possession of the United States or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and
(B)a place outside that territory, possession, or Trust Territory.
(2)“economic benefit of the overloading” means the amount obtained by multiplying the weight of the overload (in tons) by the lesser of—
(A)the average freight rate value of a ton of the vessel’s cargo for the voyage; or
(B)$50.
(3)“existing vessel” means—
(A)a vessel on a domestic voyage, the keel of which was laid, or that was at a similar stage of construction, before January 1, 1986; and
(B)a vessel on a foreign voyage, the keel of which was laid, or that was at a similar stage of construction, before July 21, 1968.
(4)“freeboard” means the distance from the mark of the load line assigned under this chapter to the freeboard deck.
(5)“freeboard deck” means the deck or other structure the Secretary prescribes by regulation.
(6)“minimum safe freeboard” means the freeboard that the Secretary decides cannot be reduced safely without limiting the operation of the vessel.
(7)“weight of the overload” means the amount obtained by multiplying the number of inches that the vessel is submerged below the applicable assigned freeboard by the tons-an-inch immersion factor for the vessel at the assigned minimum safe freeboard.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised section 5101 Source: Section (U.S. Code) 46 App. U.S.C. 86a. section 5101 contains definitions that are limited to Chapter 51—Load Lines. Existing section 46 App. U.S.C. 86a (which defines only the terms “new ship” and “existing ship”) will be replaced by section 5101. Definitions of technical terms (“freeboard”, “freeboard deck”, and “minimum safe freeboard”) have been added for clarity. The definition of the term “new ship” has been deleted because the term is not used in Chapter 51. The definition of “domestic voyage” includes the phrase “places in or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.” “Places subject to the jurisdiction of the United States” include deep water ports, production platforms, mining sites outside of territorial waters of the United States but within the United States’ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) that was established by Presidential Proclamation 5030, dated March 10, 1983, or on the outer continental shelf. The phrases “economic benefit of overloading” and “weight of the overload” have been defined for purposes of establishing a standard method of determining the value of the cargo with which a vessel is overloaded. The value of the cargo will in turn affect the maximum penalty assessed for overloading the vessel. The definition of “freeboard deck” provides the Secretary with the authority to designate as the freeboard deck either the actual deck (on standard vessels) or another structure (on non-standard vessels). Non-standard vessels, for which this regulatory flexibility is necessary, include shelter deck vessels, semi-submersible multi-hull units, container ships, surface effect vessels, and commercial submarines.

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

46 U.S.C. § 5101

Title 46Shipping

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73