§228 — Title 47 Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs | U.S. Code

Summary

Creates a national system for regulating pay-per-call services and gives the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) the power to make and enforce rules. The FCC must issue those rules within 270 days after October 28, 1992. The rules must tell callers their rights, say what phone companies must do, protect consumers from abusive services, set steps to prevent unpaid legitimate bills, and require some pay-per-call services to use special phone number prefixes or area codes. Phone companies that assign those special numbers must require providers to follow Titles II and III of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act. Phone companies must make lists of the pay-per-call numbers they carry and give short service descriptions, costs, and provider contact information on request. They must stop services that violate the laws or rules. They cannot cut off a customer’s local or long-distance phone service because of unpaid pay-per-call charges. They must offer callers the choice to block all or certain pay-per-call prefixes free for 60 days after the rules take effect and for new numbers until 60 days after they start; later the blocking can cost a reasonable fee. Phone companies must get proof of tax-exempt status for services that solicit donations. Using toll-free numbers in a way that still charges callers is banned unless the caller signed a written agreement with clear terms (price, provider name and contacts, advance notice of price changes, payment choice) and a personal ID number, or unless the call is billed by card with an upfront message saying there is a charge, the rate, that charges start after the message, and that the caller can hang up without charge. Phone bills must show pay-per-call charges separately with date, time, length, and the toll-free help number. The FCC must set rules for refunds when laws are broken. Phone companies are not liable for violations just for carrying or billing the calls unless they knew or should have known about the violation. States keep their powers over elections, consumer protection, gambling, and may add matching intrastate rules that do not block federal enforcement. Pay-per-call means services that charge extra per call or per minute using 900 or other FCC-designated prefixes, like recorded information, live voice services, or sales over the call; it does not include carrier directory services or services charged only after a presubscription.

Title 47, §228

Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)It is the purpose of this section—

(1)to put into effect a system of national regulation and review that will oversee interstate pay-per-call services; and

(2)to recognize the Commission’s authority to prescribe regulations and enforcement procedures and conduct oversight to afford reasonable protection to consumers of pay-per-call services and to assure that violations of Federal law do not occur.

(b)The Commission by regulation shall, within 270 days after October 28, 1992, establish a system for oversight and regulation of pay-per-call services in order to provide for the protection of consumers in accordance with this chapter and other applicable Federal statutes and regulations. The Commission’s final rules shall—

(1)include measures that provide a consumer of pay-per-call services with adequate and clear descriptions of the rights of the caller;

(2)define the obligations of common carriers with respect to the provision of pay-per-call services;

(3)include requirements on such carriers to protect against abusive practices by providers of pay-per-call services;

(4)identify procedures by which common carriers and providers of pay-per-call services may take affirmative steps to protect against nonpayment of legitimate charges; and

(5)require that any service described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (i)(1) be offered only through the use of certain telephone number prefixes and area codes.

(c)Within 270 days after October 28, 1992, the Commission shall, by regulation, establish the following requirements for common carriers:

(1)Any common carrier assigning to a provider of pay-per-call services a telephone number with a prefix or area code designated by the Commission in accordance with subsection (b)(5) shall require by contract or tariff that such provider comply with the provisions of titles II and III of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act [15 U.S.C. 5711 et seq.; 5721 et seq.] and the regulations prescribed by the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to those titles.

(2)A common carrier that by tariff or contract assigns a telephone number with a prefix or area code designated by the Commission in accordance with subsection (b)(5) to a provider of a pay-per-call service shall make readily available on request to Federal and State agencies and other interested persons—

(A)a list of the telephone numbers for each of the pay-per-call services it carries;

(B)a short description of each such service;

(C)a statement of the total cost or the cost per minute and any other fees for each such service;

(D)a statement of the pay-per-call service’s name, business address, and business telephone; and

(E)such other information as the Commission considers necessary for the enforcement of this section and other applicable Federal statutes and regulations.

(3)A common carrier that by contract or tariff assigns a telephone number with a prefix or area code designated by the Commission in accordance with subsection (b)(5) to a provider of pay-per-call services shall terminate, in accordance with procedures specified in such regulations, the offering of a pay-per-call service of a provider if the carrier knows or reasonably should know that such service is not provided in compliance with title II or III of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act [15 U.S.C. 5711 et seq.; 5721 et seq.] or the regulations prescribed by the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to such titles.

(4)A common carrier shall not disconnect or interrupt a subscriber’s local exchange telephone service or long distance telephone service because of nonpayment of charges for any pay-per-call service.

(5)A common carrier that provides local exchange service shall—

(A)offer telephone subscribers (where technically feasible) the option of blocking access from their telephone number to all, or to certain specific, prefixes or area codes used by pay-per-call services, which option—

(i)shall be offered at no charge (I) to all subscribers for a period of 60 days after the issuance of the regulations under subsection (b), and (II) to any subscriber who subscribes to a new telephone number until 60 days after the time the new telephone number is effective; and

(ii)shall otherwise be offered at a reasonable fee; and

(B)offer telephone subscribers (where the Commission determines it is technically and economically feasible), in combination with the blocking option described under subparagraph (A), the option of presubscribing to or blocking only specific pay-per-call services for a reasonable one-time charge.

(6)A common carrier that assigns by contract or tariff a telephone number with a prefix or area code designated by the Commission in accordance with subsection (b)(5) to a provider of pay-per-call services that the carrier knows or reasonably should know is engaged in soliciting charitable contributions shall obtain from such provider proof of the tax exempt status of any person or organization for which contributions are solicited.

(7)A common carrier shall prohibit by tariff or contract the use of any 800 telephone number, or other telephone number advertised or widely understood to be toll free, in a manner that would result in—

(A)the calling party being assessed, by virtue of completing the call, a charge for the call;

(B)the calling party being connected to a pay-per-call service;

(C)the calling party being charged for information conveyed during the call unless—

(i)the calling party has a written agreement (including an agreement transmitted through electronic medium) that meets the requirements of paragraph (8); or

(ii)the calling party is charged for the information in accordance with paragraph (9);

(D)the calling party being called back collect for the provision of audio information services or simultaneous voice conversation services; or

(E)the calling party being assessed, by virtue of being asked to connect or otherwise transfer to a pay-per-call service, a charge for the call.

(8)(A)For purposes of paragraph (7)(C)(i), a written subscription does not meet the requirements of this paragraph unless the agreement specifies the material terms and conditions under which the information is offered and includes—

(i)the rate at which charges are assessed for the information;

(ii)the information provider’s name;

(iii)the information provider’s business address;

(iv)the information provider’s regular business telephone number;

(v)the information provider’s agreement to notify the subscriber at least one billing cycle in advance of all future changes in the rates charged for the information; and

(vi)the subscriber’s choice of payment method, which may be by direct remit, debit, prepaid account, phone bill, or credit or calling card.

(B)If a subscriber elects, pursuant to subparagraph (A)(vi), to pay by means of a phone bill—

(i)the agreement shall clearly explain that the subscriber will be assessed for calls made to the information service from the subscriber’s phone line;

(ii)the phone bill shall include, in prominent type, the following disclaimer:“Common carriers may not disconnect local or long distance telephone service for failure to pay disputed charges for information services.”; and

(iii)the phone bill shall clearly list the 800 number dialed.

(C)A written agreement does not meet the requirements of this paragraph unless it—

(i)includes a unique personal identification number or other subscriber-specific identifier and requires a subscriber to use this number or identifier to obtain access to the information provided and includes instructions on its use; and

(ii)assures that any charges for services accessed by use of the subscriber’s personal identification number or subscriber-specific identifier be assessed to subscriber’s source of payment elected pursuant to subparagraph (A)(vi).

(D)Notwithstanding paragraph (7)(C), a written agreement that meets the requirements of this paragraph is not required—

(i)for calls utilizing telecommunications devices for the deaf;

(ii)for directory services provided by a common carrier or its affiliate or by a local exchange carrier or its affiliate; or

(iii)for any purchase of goods or of services that are not information services.

(E)On receipt by a common carrier of a complaint by any person that an information provider is in violation of the provisions of this section, a carrier shall—

(i)promptly investigate the complaint; and

(ii)if the carrier reasonably determines that the complaint is valid, it may terminate the provision of service to an information provider unless the provider supplies evidence of a written agreement that meets the requirements of this section.

(F)The remedies provided in this paragraph are in addition to any other remedies that are available under subchapter V of this chapter.

(9)For purposes of paragraph (7)(C)(ii), a calling party is not charged in accordance with this paragraph unless the calling party is charged by means of a credit, prepaid, debit, charge, or calling card and the information service provider includes in response to each call an introductory disclosure message that—

(A)clearly states that there is a charge for the call;

(B)clearly states the service’s total cost per minute and any other fees for the service or for any service to which the caller may be transferred;

(C)explains that the charges must be billed on either a credit, prepaid, debit, charge, or calling card;

(D)asks the caller for the card number;

(E)clearly states that charges for the call begin at the end of the introductory message; and

(F)clearly states that the caller can hang up at or before the end of the introductory message without incurring any charge whatsoever.

(10)The requirements of paragraph (9) shall not apply to calls from repeat callers using a bypass mechanism to avoid listening to the introductory message: Provided, That information providers shall disable such a bypass mechanism after the institution of any price increase and for a period of time determined to be sufficient by the Federal Trade Commission to give callers adequate and sufficient notice of a price increase.

(11)As used in this subsection, the term “calling card” means an identifying number or code unique to the individual, that is issued to the individual by a common carrier and enables the individual to be charged by means of a phone bill for charges incurred independent of where the call originates.

(d)The regulations required by this section shall require that any common carrier that by tariff or contract assigns a telephone number with a prefix or area code designated by the Commission in accordance with subsection (b)(5) to a provider of a pay-per-call service and that offers billing and collection services to such provider—

(1)ensure that a subscriber is not billed—

(A)for pay-per-call services that such carrier knows or reasonably should know was provided in violation of the regulations issued pursuant to title II of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act [15 U.S.C. 5711 et seq.]; or

(B)under such other circumstances as the Commission determines necessary in order to protect subscribers from abusive practices;

(2)establish a local or a toll-free telephone number to answer questions and provide information on subscribers’ rights and obligations with regard to their use of pay-per-call services and to provide to callers the name and mailing address of any provider of pay-per-call services offered by the common carrier;

(3)within 60 days after the issuance of final regulations pursuant to subsection (b), provide, either directly or through contract with any local exchange carrier that provides billing or collection services to the common carrier, to all of such common carrier’s telephone subscribers, to all new subscribers, and to all subscribers requesting service at a new location, a disclosure statement that sets forth all rights and obligations of the subscriber and the carrier with respect to the use and payment for pay-per-call services, including the right of a subscriber not to be billed and the applicable blocking option; and

(4)in any billing to telephone subscribers that includes charges for any pay-per-call service—

(A)display any charges for pay-per-call services in a part of the subscriber’s bill that is identified as not being related to local and long distance telephone charges;

(B)for each charge so displayed, specify, at a minimum, the type of service, the amount of the charge, and the date, time, and duration of the call; and

(C)identify the toll-free number established pursuant to paragraph (2).

(e)(1)No common carrier shall be liable for a criminal or civil sanction or penalty solely because the carrier provided transmission or billing and collection for a pay-per-call service unless the carrier knew or reasonably should have known that such service was provided in violation of a provision of, or regulation prescribed pursuant to, title II or III of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act [15 U.S.C. 5711 et seq.; 5721 et seq.] or any other Federal law. This paragraph shall not prevent the Commission from imposing a sanction or penalty on a common carrier for a violation by that carrier of a regulation prescribed under this section.

(2)No cause of action may be brought in any court or administrative agency against any common carrier or any of its affiliates on account of any act of the carrier or affiliate to terminate any pay-per-call service in order to comply with the regulations prescribed under this section, title II or III of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act [15 U.S.C. 5711 et seq.; 5721 et seq.], or any other Federal law unless the complainant demonstrates that the carrier or affiliate did not act in good faith.

(f)(1)The regulations required by subsection (d) shall establish procedures, consistent with the provisions of titles II and III of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act [15 U.S.C. 5711 et seq.; 5721 et seq.], to ensure that carriers and other parties providing billing and collection services with respect to pay-per-call services provide appropriate refunds to subscribers who have been billed for pay-per-call services pursuant to programs that have been found to have violated this section or such regulations, any provision of, or regulations prescribed pursuant to, title II or III of the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act, or any other Federal law.

(2)The regulations prescribed by the Commission under this section shall permit a common carrier to recover its cost of complying with such regulations from providers of pay-per-call services, but shall not permit such costs to be recovered from local or long distance ratepayers.

(3)The Commission, within one year after October 28, 1992, shall submit to the Congress the Commission’s recommendations with respect to the extension of regulations under this section to persons that provide, for a per-call charge, data services that are not pay-per-call services.

(g)(1)Nothing in this section shall relieve any provider of pay-per-call services, common carrier, local exchange carrier, or any other person from the obligation to comply with Federal, State, and local election statutes and regulations.

(2)Nothing in this section shall relieve any provider of pay-per-call services, common carrier, local exchange carrier, or any other person from the obligation to comply with any Federal, State, or local statute or regulation relating to consumer protection or unfair trade.

(3)Nothing in this section shall preclude any State from enforcing its statutes and regulations with regard to lotteries, wagering, betting, and other gambling activities.

(4)Nothing in this section shall preclude any State from enacting and enforcing additional and complementary oversight and regulatory systems or procedures, or both, so long as such systems and procedures govern intrastate services and do not significantly impede the enforcement of this section or other Federal statutes.

(5)Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Commission from enforcing regulations prescribed prior to October 28, 1992, in fulfilling the requirements of this section to the extent that such regulations are consistent with the provisions of this section.

(h)Nothing in this section shall affect the provisions of section 223 of this title.

(i)For purposes of this section—

(1)The term “pay-per-call services” means any service—

(A)in which any person provides or purports to provide—

(i)audio information or audio entertainment produced or packaged by such person;

(ii)access to simultaneous voice conversation services; or

(iii)any service, including the provision of a product, the charges for which are assessed on the basis of the completion of the call;

(B)for which the caller pays a per-call or per-time-interval charge that is greater than, or in addition to, the charge for transmission of the call; and

(C)which is accessed through use of a 900 telephone number or other prefix or area code designated by the Commission in accordance with subsection (b)(5).

(2)Such term does not include directory services provided by a common carrier or its affiliate or by a local exchange carrier or its affiliate, or any service for which users are assessed charges only after entering into a presubscription or comparable arrangement with the provider of such service.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original “this Act”, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of this title and Tables. The Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1), (3), (d)(1)(A), (e), and (f)(1), is Pub. L. 102–556, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4181. Titles II and III of the Act are classified generally to subchapters I (§ 5711 et seq.) and II (§ 5721 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 83 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 5701(a) of Title 15 and Tables.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (c)(7)(C). Pub. L. 104–104, § 701(a)(1)(A), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: “the calling party being charged for information conveyed during the call unless the calling party has a preexisting agreement to be charged for the information or discloses a credit or charge card number during the call; or”. Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 104–104, § 701(a)(1)(B), added subpar. (E). Subsec. (c)(8) to (11). Pub. L. 104–104, § 701(a)(1)(C), added pars. (8) to (11). Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 104–104, § 701(b)(2), struck out “or any service the charge for which is tariffed,” after “local exchange carrier or its affiliate,”. 1994—Subsec. (c)(2) to (7). Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(13), redesignated par. (2), relating to compliance procedures, as (3) and pars. (3) to (6) as (4) to (7), respectively. Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(14), which directed substitution of “conversation” for “conservation” in par. (6)(D), was executed by making the substitution in par. (7)(D) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the redesignation of par. (6) as (7) by Pub. L. 103–414, § 303(a)(13). See above.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1996 Amendment Pub. L. 104–104, title VII, § 701(a)(3), Feb. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 147, provided that: “The

Amendments

made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 8, 1996].”

Regulations

Pub. L. 104–104, title VII, § 701(a)(2), Feb. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 147, provided that: “The Federal Communications Commission shall revise its

Regulations

to comply with the amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 8, 1996].”

§228 Regulation of carrier offering of pay-per-call services

Summary

Title 47, §228

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Amendments

Regulations

Regulations

Citations & Metadata