§13a–1 — Title 7 Agriculture | U.S. Code

Summary

The Commission can go to a federal court to stop anyone who has broken, is breaking, or is about to break this chapter or its rules, or who is stopping trading in a futures contract or a swap. Courts where the person lives, does business, or where the act happened can hear the case. A court cannot issue an emergency order without notice (ex parte), except to stop someone from destroying or hiding records, to stop someone from moving or spending funds or property, or to appoint a temporary receiver to handle those assets. If the Commission shows good cause, the court can issue temporary or permanent orders without requiring a bond. The court can also order a person to obey the law (writs of mandamus), but not without notice. In these cases, the court can require civil penalties. For most violations, the penalty is up to the greater of $100,000 or three times the person’s monetary gain for each violation. For manipulation or attempted manipulation under sections 9, 15, 13b, or 13(a)(2), the cap is the greater of $1,000,000 or three times the gain for each violation. If the penalty is not paid, the Commission can ask the Attorney General to collect it. The court can also order restitution to victims and require wrongdoers to give up ill-gotten gains. The Commission may ask the Attorney General to sue instead of suing itself, but if it sues it must tell and update the Attorney General. The Commission must notify the Securities and Exchange Commission and share orders when it acts against certain brokers, traders, related persons, or designated contract markets.

Title 7, §13a–1

Agriculture — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Whenever it shall appear to the Commission that any registered entity or other person has engaged, is engaging, or is about to engage in any act or practice constituting a violation of any provision of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, or is restraining trading in any commodity for future delivery or any swap, the Commission may bring an action in the proper district court of the United States or the proper United States court of any territory or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, to enjoin such act or practice, or to enforce compliance with this chapter, or any rule, regulation or order thereunder, and said courts shall have jurisdiction to entertain such actions: Provided, That no restraining order (other than a restraining order which prohibits any person from destroying, altering or disposing of, or refusing to permit authorized representatives of the Commission to inspect, when and as requested, any books and records or other documents or which prohibits any person from withdrawing, transferring, removing, dissipating, or disposing of any funds, assets, or other property, and other than an order appointing a temporary receiver to administer such restraining order and to perform such other duties as the court may consider appropriate) or injunction for violation of the provisions of this chapter shall be issued ex parte by said court.

(b)Upon a proper showing, a permanent or temporary injunction or restraining order shall be granted without bond.

(c)Upon application of the Commission, the district courts of the United States and the United States courts of any territory or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States shall also have jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus, or orders affording like relief, commanding any person to comply with the provisions of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order of the Commission thereunder, including the requirement that such person take such action as is necessary to remove the danger of violation of this chapter or any such rule, regulation, or order: Provided, That no such writ of mandamus, or order affording like relief, shall be issued ex parte.

(d)(1)In any action brought under this section, the Commission may seek and the court shall have jurisdiction to impose, on a proper showing, on any person found in the action to have committed any violation—

(A)a civil penalty in the amount of not more than the greater of $100,000 or triple the monetary gain to the person for each violation; or

(B)in any case of manipulation or attempted manipulation in violation of section 9, 15, 13b, or 13(a)(2) of this title, a civil penalty in the amount of not more than the greater of $1,000,000 or triple the monetary gain to the person for each violation.

(2)If a person on whom such a penalty is imposed fails to pay the penalty within the time prescribed in the court’s order, the Commission may refer the matter to the Attorney General who shall recover the penalty by action in the appropriate United States district court.

(3)In any action brought under this section, the Commission may seek, and the court may impose, on a proper showing, on any person found in the action to have committed any violation, equitable remedies including—

(A)restitution to persons who have sustained losses proximately caused by such violation (in the amount of such losses); and

(B)disgorgement of gains received in connection with such violation.

(e)Any action under this section may be brought in the district wherein the defendant is found or is an inhabitant or transacts business or in the district where the act or practice occurred, is occurring, or is about to occur, and process in such cases may be served in any district in which the defendant is an inhabitant or wherever the defendant may be found.

(f)In lieu of bringing actions itself pursuant to this section, the Commission may request the Attorney General to bring the action.

(g)Where the Commission elects to bring the action, it shall inform the Attorney General of such suit and advise him of subsequent developments.

(h)The Commission shall provide the Securities and Exchange Commission with notice of the commencement of any proceeding and a copy of any order entered by the Commission against any futures commission merchant or introducing broker registered pursuant to section 6f(a)(2) of this title, any floor broker or floor trader exempt from registration pursuant to section 6f(a)(3) of this title, any associated person exempt from registration pursuant to section 6k(6) of this title, or any board of trade designated as a contract market pursuant to section 7b–1 of this title.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical

Amendments

to this section. The

Amendments

by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–203, § 741(b)(5), inserted “or any swap” after “commodity for future delivery”. Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 111–203, § 744, added par. (3). 2008—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 13103(c), inserted subsec. heading, added par. (1), and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “In any action brought under this section, the Commission may seek and the court shall have jurisdiction to impose, on a proper showing, on any person found in the action to have committed any violation a civil penalty in the amount of not more than the higher of $100,000 or triple the monetary gain to the person for each violation.” 2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 123(a)(15)], substituted “registered entity” for “contract market”. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title II, § 253(c)], added subsec. (h). 1992—Pub. L. 102–546 designated first, second, and third sentences as subsecs. (a) to (c), respectively, added subsec. (d), and designated fourth, fifth, and sixth sentences as subsecs. (e) to (g), respectively. 1986—Pub. L. 99–641 inserted “, and other than an order appointing a temporary receiver to administer such restraining order and to perform such other duties as the court may consider appropriate”. 1983—Pub. L. 97–444 inserted “(other than a restraining order which prohibits any person from destroying, altering or disposing of, or refusing to permit authorized representatives of the Commission to inspect, when and as requested, any books and records or other documents or which prohibits any person from withdrawing, transferring, removing, dissipating, or disposing of any funds, assets, or other property)” after “Provided, That no restraining order”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2010 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§ 711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 1a of this title.

Effective Date

of 2008 AmendmentAmendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an

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note under section 8701 of this title.

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of 1983 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 97–444 effective Jan. 11, 1983, see section 239 of Pub. L. 97–444, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

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For

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of section, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as an

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of 1974 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.

§13a–1 Enjoining or restraining violations

Summary

Title 7, §13a–1

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