Equal Representation Act of 2025
Sponsored By: Representative Edwards
In Committee
Summary
Apportionment would count only U.S. citizens. The bill would add a citizenship checkbox to the 2030 decennial census and require the Census Bureau to publish state-level citizen and noncitizen totals after each census.
Show full summary
- States and voters: Would have Representatives and Electoral College votes apportioned using counts that exclude noncitizens, starting with the 2030 census.
- Immigrant communities and noncitizens: Would be excluded from the population totals used to determine how many House seats a state receives.
- Households and data transparency: Census questionnaires would include a citizenship indicator for every household member and the Census Bureau would publish state disaggregations within 120 days of completing each decennial census.
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
2 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 0 costs, 2 mixed.
Census citizenship question and data
This bill would require the Census Bureau to add a citizenship checkbox on the 2030 census and all later decennial questionnaires. The Census would have to publish state counts of citizens and noncitizens within 120 days after each census. This would give researchers and states new data but could raise privacy and lower response rates among noncitizen households.
Exclude noncitizens from House counts
This bill would change apportionment rules so noncitizens are not counted when allocating U.S. House seats and electoral votes. The change would apply to the 2030 census and later decennial censuses. States with many noncitizens could lose Representatives and electoral votes while other states could gain them.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Edwards
NC • R
Cosponsors
Davidson
OH • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Bean (FL)
FL • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Rouzer, David [R-NC-7]
NC • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Nehls
TX • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Collins, Mike [R-GA-10]
GA • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Cammack, Kat [R-FL-3]
FL • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Hageman
WY • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Fleischmann, Charles J. "Chuck" [R-TN-3]
TN • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3]
LA • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Bost
IL • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Palmer, Gary J. [R-AL-6]
AL • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9]
IN • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Guest, Michael [R-MS-3]
MS • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Miller, Max L. [R-OH-7]
OH • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Fitzgerald
WI • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rep. Moore, Barry [R-AL-1]
AL • R
Sponsored 1/3/2025
Rose
TN • R
Sponsored 1/13/2025
Rep. Smith, Adrian [R-NE-3]
NE • R
Sponsored 1/13/2025
Rep. Hinson, Ashley [R-IA-2]
IA • R
Sponsored 1/13/2025
Knott
NC • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Downing, Troy [R-MT-2]
MT • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4]
NJ • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Crenshaw
TX • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Fedorchak
ND • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Issa, Darrell [R-CA-48]
CA • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Miller, Mary E. [R-IL-15]
IL • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Wilson, Joe [R-SC-2]
SC • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Harshbarger, Diana [R-TN-1]
TN • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Alford, Mark [R-MO-4]
MO • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Allen
GA • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Brecheen
OK • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
LaMalfa
CA • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6]
WI • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Tiffany
WI • R
Sponsored 1/15/2025
Estes
KS • R
Sponsored 1/16/2025
Stutzman
IN • R
Sponsored 1/16/2025
Messmer
IN • R
Sponsored 1/16/2025
Rep. Fry, Russell [R-SC-7]
SC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Cline, Ben [R-VA-6]
VA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Franklin, Scott
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Norman
SC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Ezell, Mike [R-MS-4]
MS • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Harris (NC)
NC • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Fallon, Pat [R-TX-4]
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Dunn, Neal P. [R-FL-2]
FL • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Babin
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Weber, Randy K. Sr. [R-TX-14]
TX • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Cole
OK • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Tenney, Claudia [R-NY-24]
NY • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Rep. Baumgartner, Michael [R-WA-5]
WA • R
Sponsored 1/22/2025
Biggs (SC)
SC • R
Sponsored 1/23/2025
Rep. Gill, Brandon [R-TX-26]
TX • R
Sponsored 2/5/2025
Mills
FL • R
Sponsored 2/5/2025
Lee (FL)
FL • R
Sponsored 2/7/2025
Rep. Begich, Nicholas J. [R-AK-At Large]
AK • R
Sponsored 3/3/2025
Van Duyne
TX • R
Sponsored 5/6/2025
McClintock
CA • R
Sponsored 5/23/2025
Rep. Taylor, David J. [R-OH-2]
OH • R
Sponsored 6/23/2025
Langworthy
NY • R
Sponsored 6/23/2025
Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7]
GA • R
Sponsored 7/16/2025
Rep. Finstad, Brad [R-MN-1]
MN • R
Sponsored 7/29/2025
Rep. Mann, Tracey [R-KS-1]
KS • R
Sponsored 8/5/2025
Wied
WI • R
Sponsored 8/8/2025
Rep. Self, Keith [R-TX-3]
TX • R
Sponsored 8/8/2025
Rep. Mace, Nancy [R-SC-1]
SC • R
Sponsored 10/17/2025
Rep. Donalds, Byron [R-FL-19]
FL • R
Sponsored 2/25/2026
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
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