Restoring American Mineral Security Act of 2025
Sponsored By: Representative Panetta, Jimmy [D-CA-19]
Introduced
Summary
Would create a U.S.-led Critical Minerals Security Alliance to build a reliable, domestic-focused supply chain for key minerals. It aims to counter China’s market-distorting practices and coordinate trade and investment with trusted partners to protect defense, manufacturing, and energy supply chains.
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- U.S. defense and manufacturers would gain preferential access to Alliance-sourced minerals and select downstream products, which would be duty-free from admitted partners except for narrowly defined excluded duties, with goals to cover at least 90% of listed critical minerals and 100% of certain derivative products.
- U.S. mining and processing firms would get new financing pathways through a Treasury Trust Fund that directs support to domestic projects via the Department of Energy Loan Programs Office and to defense-related projects via the Department of Defense.
- Trusted partner countries would need to align duties or adopt comparable controls on minerals from countries of concern, eliminate most tariffs among members, and meet certification criteria to join and keep benefits.
- The U.S. International Development Finance Corporation could back projects in member countries under a limited exception that requires U.S. participation and offers at least 50% of output first to the Department of Defense or U.S. entities.
*Creates a duty-funded Trust Fund that automatically allocates collections: 60% to DOE Loan Programs Office, 20% to DoD, and 20% to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation.*
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Bill Overview
Analyzed Economic Effects
4 provisions identified: 2 benefits, 0 costs, 2 mixed.
Dedicated Trust Fund for Minerals
If enacted, duties collected on imported mined and processed critical minerals would be transferred into a new Critical Minerals Trust Fund. Transfers would occur at least quarterly and the Fund could earn interest. Money in the Fund would be available without further appropriation. The bill would split money 60% to the DOE Loan Programs Office, 20% to the Department of Defense, and 20% to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation.
More DFC Support With Conditions
If enacted, the bill would let the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation support projects in Alliance member countries that are upper-middle or high income, waiving a current Build Act restriction. The President must certify the support furthers U.S. interests and gives development or strategic benefits. Projects must include a U.S. participant or offer at least 50% of produced critical minerals first to the Department of Defense and U.S. entities.
Higher Tariffs, Duty-Free Allies
If enacted, mined and processed critical minerals and certain derivative products from admitted Alliance countries would enter duty-free, except for specific excluded duties. Those imports would also be exempt from new section 301 or 232 duties imposed after the agreement takes effect. If enacted, when the first admittance agreement starts, minerals from designated countries of concern would instead face the China section 301 tariff rates that were in effect on January 1, 2026.
New Critical Minerals Alliance Rules
If enacted, the USTR would be allowed to negotiate a Critical Minerals Security Alliance. The USTR must consult Commerce, Treasury, State, and Congress. A country would join after USTR certification and either congressional approval or a 90-day lapse. Members would have to match U.S. section 301 PRC duty levels as of January 1, 2026, or phase in within five years, or adopt comparable measures. The bill would define which minerals and downstream products are covered, including the Energy Act list and named derivative products like batteries and permanent magnets. Members must stop illicit transshipment and keep strong investment screening.
Sponsors & CoSponsors
Sponsor
Panetta, Jimmy [D-CA-19]
CA • D
Cosponsors
Kustoff
TN • R
Sponsored 12/12/2025
Rep. Bera, Ami [D-CA-6]
CA • D
Sponsored 12/18/2025
Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-1]
PA • R
Sponsored 12/19/2025
Roll Call Votes
No roll call votes available for this bill.
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