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AlabamaSB1192025 Regular SessionSenate

Firearms, revise circumstances when firearm possession is prohibited

Sponsored By: Will Barfoot (Republican)

Enacted

Firearms

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Bill Overview

Analyzed Economic Effects

5 provisions identified: 0 benefits, 2 costs, 3 mixed.

More people face firearm ownership bans

Beginning October 1, 2025, firearm ownership and possession bans cover anyone convicted of a felony within the past five years. They also cover people with three or more lifetime felony convictions arising from separate charging documents or charge dates. Other grounds include convictions for crimes of violence, misdemeanor domestic violence, or listed violent offenses, qualifying domestic-abuse protection orders, and unsound mind. The law includes more family and dating relationships in its domestic-violence rules. Violations are Class C felonies. A pardon is a defense only if it expressly restores firearm rights for every conviction supporting the prosecution.

Probation officers gain limited sanction powers

After an administrative review and supervisor approval, probation officers can order treatment, GPS monitoring, or short county-jail stays for violations. Jail stays must be in two- or three-day blocks. Limits are six days per month in up to three separate months, with no more than nine days total. Before sanctions, probationers must receive a written violation report and notice of hearing, evidence, and lawyer rights. Hearings are due within 20 business days; probationers have witness and confrontation rights and appointed counsel if unable to afford one. A written hearing waiver requires the probationer's and supervising officer's signatures and supervisor approval.

Released defendants face new firearm bans

Beginning October 1, 2025, people released pending or during trial face a new ban on knowingly possessing or controlling firearms. It covers charges of committing or attempting crimes of violence, misdemeanor domestic violence, or listed violent offenses. Violations are Class C felonies. Conviction under this rule requires a prior conviction for the underlying charge or a lesser included offense. The defendant can waive that requirement.

Serious charges trigger holds before bail

The bail changes take effect upon ratification of the constitutional amendment proposed by Alabama's 2025 SB 118. Defendants charged with listed offenses must be held without bail until a prompt detention hearing. Covered charges include murder and solicitation, attempt, or conspiracy to commit murder. They also include first-degree kidnapping, rape, sodomy, domestic violence, human trafficking, burglary, arson, and robbery. Sexual torture, terrorism, aggravated child abuse, and firing weapons into specified occupied buildings or vehicles are also covered. To deny bail, prosecutors must prove by clear and convincing evidence that release conditions cannot reasonably ensure court attendance or safety. Defendants have counsel and confrontation rights, and bail denials require written findings or findings on the record within 48 hours. The court can waive the hearing when prosecutors file a motion stating they are not seeking bail denial.

Weapon restrictions reach all K–12 schools

Beginning October 1, 2025, the deadly-weapon restriction covers all K–12 schools, not just public schools, and their school buses. It prohibits knowingly carrying or possessing a deadly weapon there with intent to cause bodily harm. Exceptions remain for specified school security staff, school resource officers, law enforcement officers, and firearm permit holders.

Sponsors & Cosponsors

Sponsor

  • Will Barfoot

    Republican • Senate

Cosponsors

There are no cosponsors for this bill.

Roll Call Votes

All Roll Calls

Yes: 287 • No: 1

House vote • 4/29/2025

Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass - Adopted Roll Call 1096

Yes: 66 • No: 0 • Other: 37

House vote • 4/29/2025

Third Reading in Second House

Yes: 85 • No: 0 • Other: 18

Senate vote • 4/9/2025

Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 602

Yes: 26 • No: 1

Senate vote • 4/9/2025

Barfoot motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 601

Yes: 27 • No: 0

Senate vote • 4/9/2025

Barfoot motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 600

Yes: 27 • No: 0

Senate vote • 4/9/2025

Barfoot motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 599

Yes: 27 • No: 0

Senate vote • 2/25/2025

Third Reading in House of Origin

Yes: 29 • No: 0

Actions Timeline

  1. Enacted

    5/6/2025Senate

  2. Third Reading in Second House

    4/29/2025House

  3. Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass - Adopted Roll Call 1096

    4/29/2025House

  4. Ready to Enroll

    4/29/2025Senate

  5. Enrolled

    4/29/2025Senate

  6. Signature Requested

    4/29/2025House

  7. Signature Requested

    4/29/2025House

  8. Delivered to Governor

    4/29/2025Senate

  9. Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

    4/17/2025House

  10. Reported Out of Committee Second House

    4/16/2025House

  11. Read for the first time and referred to the House Committee on Judiciary

    4/10/2025House

  12. Pending Committee Action in Second House

    4/10/2025House

  13. Judiciary 1st Amendment Offered

    4/9/2025Senate

  14. Barfoot motion to Table - Adopted Voice Vote

    4/9/2025Senate

  15. Barfoot 1st Amendment Offered

    4/9/2025Senate

  16. Barfoot motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 599

    4/9/2025Senate

  17. Barfoot 2nd Amendment Offered

    4/9/2025Senate

  18. Barfoot motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 600

    4/9/2025Senate

  19. Barfoot 3rd Amendment Offered

    4/9/2025Senate

  20. Barfoot motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 601

    4/9/2025Senate

  21. Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 602

    4/9/2025Senate

  22. Engrossed

    4/9/2025Senate

  23. Third Reading in House of Origin

    2/25/2025Senate

  24. Judiciary 1st Amendment Offered

    2/25/2025Senate

  25. Carried Over to the Call of the Chair

    2/25/2025Senate

Bill Text

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