Title 600, REVISED JUDICATURE ACT OF 1961

Sec. 2940. (1) All claims based on or to abate nuisance may be brought in the circuit court. The circuit court may grant injunctions to stay and prevent nuisance. (2) When the plaintiff prevails on a claim based on a private nuisance, he may have judgment for damages and may have…

Sec. 2941. (1) Any artesian or flowing well, the water of which is unnecessarily allowed to run to waste in an unreasonable manner to the depletion or lowering of the head or reservoir thereof to the detriment or damage of other wells supplied from the same head or reservoir, is …

Sec. 2942. (1) If an action contesting the validity of any securities proposed to be issued or any aspect of such validity is brought against any public body, the public body may file a counterclaim against the plaintiff and a third party complaint against the state of Michigan a…

Sec. 2943. When any rehearing of an action quieting title to real estate is ordered on petition of a defendant, the relief to be granted the defendant shall be limited to an award of damages against the prevailing parties in the original action, in an amount determined by the cou…

Sec. 2944. When an owner or lessee seeks to make improvements or repairs to real property so situated that the improvements or repairs cannot reasonably be made by the owner or lessee without entering the premises of an adjoining owner or his lessee, and permission so to enter ha…

Sec. 2945. As used in this section and sections 1629, 2945 to 2949a, and 5805: (a) "Alteration" means a material change in a product after the product leaves the control of the manufacturer or seller. Alteration includes a change in the product's design, packaging, or labeling; a…

Sec. 2946. (1) It is admissible as evidence in a product liability action that the production of the product was in accordance with the generally recognized and prevailing nongovernmental standards in existence at the time the specific unit of the product was sold or delivered by…

Sec. 2946a. (1) In an action for product liability, the total amount of damages for noneconomic loss shall not exceed $280,000.00, unless the defect in the product caused either the person's death or permanent loss of a vital bodily function, in which case the total amount of dam…

Sec. 2947. (1) A manufacturer or seller is not liable in a product liability action for harm caused by an alteration of the product unless the alteration was reasonably foreseeable. Whether there was an alteration of a product and whether an alteration was reasonably foreseeable …

Sec. 2948. (1) Evidence is admissible in a product liability action that, before the death of the person or injury to the person or damage to property, pamphlets, booklets, labels, or other written warnings were provided that gave notice to foreseeable users of the material risk …

Sec. 2949a. In a product liability action, if the court determines that at the time of manufacture or distribution the defendant had actual knowledge that the product was defective and that there was a substantial likelihood that the defect would cause the injury that is the basi…

Sec. 2949b. (1) The manufacturer of a vehicle is not liable and must be dismissed from any action for alleged damages resulting from any of the following unless the defect from which the damages resulted was present in the vehicle when it was manufactured: (a) The conversion or a…

Sec. 2950. (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (26) and (27), by commencing an independent action to obtain relief under this section, by joining a claim to an action, or by filing a motion in an action in which the petitioner and the individual to be restrained or en…

Sec. 2950a. (1) Except as provided in subsections (27), (28), and (30), by commencing an independent action to obtain relief under this section, by joining a claim to an action, or by filing a motion in an action in which the petitioner and the individual to be restrained or enjo…

Sec. 2950b. (1) The state court administrative office shall develop and make available forms for use by an individual who wishes to proceed without an attorney. The forms shall include at least a petition for relief, a notice of hearing, and proof of service for a personal protec…

Sec. 2950c. (1) The family division of the circuit court in each county may provide a domestic violence victim advocate to assist victims of domestic violence in obtaining a personal protection order. The court may use the services of a public or private agency or organization th…

Sec. 2950h. As used in this section and sections 2950i, 2950j, 2950k, 2950l, and 2950m: (a) "Foreign protection order" means an injunction or other order issued by a court of another state, Indian tribe, or United States territory for the purpose of preventing a person's violent …

Sec. 2950i. (1) A foreign protection order is valid if all of the following conditions are met: (a) The issuing court had jurisdiction over the parties and subject matter under the laws of the issuing state, tribe, or territory. (b) Reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard i…

Sec. 2950j. (1) A valid foreign protection order shall be accorded full faith and credit by the court and shall be subject to the same enforcement procedures and penalties as if it were issued in this state. (2) A child custody or support provision within a valid foreign protecti…

Sec. 2950k. (1) A foreign protection order sought by a petitioner against a spouse or intimate partner and issued against both the petitioner and respondent is entitled to full faith and credit against the respondent and is enforceable against the respondent. (2) A foreign protec…

Sec. 2950l. (1) Law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and the court shall enforce a foreign protection order other than a conditional release order or probation order issued by a court in a criminal proceeding in the same manner that they would enforce a personal protection orde…

Sec. 2950m. A person who violates a foreign protection order that is a conditional release order or a probation order issued by a court in a criminal proceeding is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more than 93 days or a fine of $500.00, or both.

Sec. 2950n. (1) In an action described in section 2950(1) or 2950a(1), or in another action if the respondent in the action has been ordered, in a separate criminal case, to have no contact with the petitioner or a minor child of whom the petitioner has legal custody, the court m…

Sec. 2950o. (1) An order issued under section 2950n must be served on the wireless telephone service provider as required under the Michigan court rules. (2) If the wireless telephone service provider cannot operationally or technically effectuate an order issued under section 29…

Sec. 2951. (1) As used in this section: (a) "Approved signaling device" means a pistol that is a signaling device approved by the United States coast guard under regulations issued under 46 USC 3306 or under 46 USC 4302, or predecessor statutes, and including, but not limited to,…

Sec. 2952. (1) In addition to applicable penal sanctions, a person who makes, draws, utters, or delivers a check, draft, or order for payment of money upon a bank or other depository, person, firm, or corporation that refuses to honor the check, draft, or order for lack of funds …

Sec. 2953. (1) In addition to applicable penal sanctions, a person who commits an act for which he or she could be charged with retail fraud in the first, second, or third degree under sections 356c and 356d of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.356c and 750.356d, is l…

Sec. 2953a. (1) A person who commits an act that constitutes a motion picture recording violation is liable to a person injured by the violation for 1 or more of the following: (a) Actual damages. (b) Exemplary damages of not more than $1,000.00. (c) If the person who committed t…

Sec. 2954. (1) A victim may maintain a civil action against an individual who engages in conduct that is prohibited under section 411h or 411i of the Michigan penal code, Act No. 328 of the Public Acts of 1931, being sections 750.411h and 750.411i of the Michigan Compiled Laws, f…

Sec. 2955. (1) In an action for the death of a person or for injury to a person or property, a scientific opinion rendered by an otherwise qualified expert is not admissible unless the court determines that the opinion is reliable and will assist the trier of fact. In making that…

Sec. 2955a. (1) It is an absolute defense in an action for the death of an individual or for injury to a person or property that the individual upon whose death or injury the action is based had an impaired ability to function due to the influence of intoxicating liquor or a cont…

Sec. 2955b. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the court shall dismiss with prejudice a plaintiff's action for an individual's bodily injury or death and shall order the plaintiff to pay each defendant's costs and actual attorney fees if the bodily injury or death …

Sec. 2956. Except as provided in section 6304, in an action based on tort or another legal theory seeking damages for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death, the liability of each defendant for damages is several only and is not joint. However, this section does not …

Sec. 2956a. (1) In an action based on tort or another legal theory seeking damages for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death, a certificate of employability issued to an individual under section 34d of the corrections code of 1953, 1953 PA 232, MCL 791.234d, may be …

Sec. 2957. (1) In an action based on tort or another legal theory seeking damages for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death, the liability of each person shall be allocated under this section by the trier of fact and, subject to section 6304, in direct proportion to…

Sec. 2958. Subject to section 2959, in an action based on tort or another legal theory seeking damages for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death, a plaintiff's contributory fault does not bar that plaintiff's recovery of damages.

Sec. 2959. In an action based on tort or another legal theory seeking damages for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death, the court shall reduce the damages by the percentage of comparative fault of the person upon whose injury or death the damages are based as provi…

Sec. 2960. (1) The person seeking to establish fault under sections 2957 to 2959 has the burden of alleging and proving that fault. (2) Sections 2957 to 2959 do not create a cause of action.

Sec. 2961. (1) As used in this section: (a) "Commission" means compensation accruing to a sales representative for payment by a principal, the rate of which is expressed as a percentage of the amount of orders or sales or as a percentage of the dollar amount of profits. (b) "Pers…

Sec. 2962. (1) This section applies to an action for professional malpractice against a certified public accountant. A certified public accountant is liable for civil damages in connection with public accounting services performed by the certified public accountant only in 1 of t…

Sec. 2962. (1) As used in this section: (a) "Cable or satellite system equipment" means any cables, converters, decoders, descramblers, devices, instruments, or other equipment owned by a cable or satellite television provider and used in a cable or satellite television system, i…

Sec. 2962a. (1) As used in this section: (a) "Telecommunications service" means that term as defined in section 219a of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.219a. (b) "Telecommunications service provider" means that term as defined in section 219a of the Michigan penal c…

Sec. 2963. (1) If a prisoner under the jurisdiction of the department of corrections submits for filing a civil action as plaintiff in a court of this state or submits for filing an appeal in a civil action in a court of this state and states that he or she is indigent and theref…

Sec. 2964. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a person shall not require that a social security or credit card number be written on a check as a condition of acceptance of that check. As used in this section, "check" includes a draft, warrant, or any other instrument that …

Sec. 2965. The common law doctrine that precludes a firefighter or police officer from recovering damages for injuries arising from the normal, inherent, and foreseeable risks of his or her profession is abolished.

Sec. 2966. The state, a political subdivision of this state, or a governmental agency, governmental officer or employee, volunteer acting on behalf of a government, and member of a governmentally created board, council, commission, or task force are immune from tort liability for…