Title 8, STATUTES

Sec. 3c. All words purporting to give a joint authority to 3 or more public officers or other persons shall be construed as giving such authority to a majority of such officers or other persons, unless it shall be otherwise expressly declared in the law giving the authority.

Sec. 3d. The words "annual meeting," when applied to townships, mean the annual meeting required by law to be held on the Saturday immediately preceding the first Monday in April.

Sec. 3e. The word "grantor" may be construed as including every person from or by whom any estate in lands passes in or by any deed. The word "grantee" may be construed as including every person to whom any such interest or estate passes in like manner.

Sec. 3f. The word "inhabitant" means a resident of a city, township, village, district or county.

Sec. 3g. The words "insane person" shall be construed to include an idiot, a non compos, a lunatic and an otherwise distracted person.

Sec. 3i. The words "land", "lands", "real estate" and "real property" mean lands, tenements and real estate, and all rights thereto and interests therein.

Sec. 3j. The word "month" means a calendar month; the word "year", a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord".

Sec. 3k. The word "oath" shall be construed to include the word "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases the word "sworn" shall be construed to include the word "affirmed".

Sec. 3l. The word "person" may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals.

Sec. 3m. The words "preceding" and "following", when used by way of reference to any title, chapter or section of the statutes of this state, shall be construed to mean the title, chapter or section next preceding or next following that in which such reference is made, unless whe…

Sec. 3n. In all cases in which the seal of any court or public office is required to be affixed to any paper or electronic document issuing from the court or office, the word "seal" shall be construed to include any of the following: (a) The impression of the seal on the paper al…

Sec. 3o. The word "state", when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the di…

Sec. 3q. The words "written" and "in writing" shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to writ…

Sec. 3r. All acts of incorporation shall be deemed public acts, and as such may be declared on and given in evidence without specially pleading the same.

Sec. 3s. The words "general election" mean the election required by law to be held in the month of November but do not include any primary election.

Sec. 3t. The word "firearm", except as otherwise specifically defined in statute, includes any weapon which will, is designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by action of an explosive.

Sec. 3u. The provisions of any law or statute which is re-enacted, amended or revised, so far as they are the same as those of prior laws, shall be construed as a continuation of such laws and not as new enactments. If any provision of a law is repealed and in substance re-enacte…

Sec. 3v. The population of the state or any political subdivision thereof shall be determined, unless otherwise specifically provided, on the basis of the latest federal decennial census preceding the time as of which the population is to be determined.

Sec. 3w. Wherever in the statute laws of this state a reference is made to several sections and the section numbers are connected by the word "to", the reference includes both sections whose numbers are given and all intervening sections.

Sec. 4. Whenever a statute, or any part thereof shall be repealed by a subsequent statute, such statute, or any part thereof, so repealed, shall not be revived by the repeal of such subsequent repealing statute.

Sec. 4-a. The repeal of any statute or part thereof shall not have the effect to release or relinquish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under such statute or any part thereof, unless the repealing act shall so expressly provide, and such statute and part thereof sha…

Sec. 4-b. The catch line heading of any section of the statutes that follows the act section number shall in no way be deemed to be a part of the section or the statute, or be used to construe the section more broadly or narrowly than the text of the section would indicate, but s…

Sec. 4c. As used in the statutes of this state, "shall not apply" means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. Use of the phrase "shall not apply" does not result in the repeal, expiration, …

Sec. 5. In the construction of the statutes of this state the following rules shall be observed, unless such construction would be inconsistent with the manifest intent of the legislature, that is to say: If any portion of an act or the application thereof to any person or circum…

Sec. 6. This section applies to the statutes and administrative rules. In computing a period of days, the first day is excluded and the last day is included. If the last day of any period or a fixed or final day is a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, the period or day is extende…

Sec. 6a. Any statutory provision that explicitly allows the auditor general to access records must not be used to interpret any other statute without that explicit allowance as preventing the auditor general from accessing records.

Sec. 7. Whenever reference is made to the department of conservation or the conservation commission it shall mean the department of natural resources or the natural resources commission.

Sec. 8. (1) As used in this section, "law" means any of the following: (a) A public act of the legislature. (b) An initiated law adopted by the people. (c) An executive order of the governor submitted to the legislature pursuant to section 2 of article 5 of the state constitution…

Sec. 9. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person is not guilty of a criminal offense committed on or after January 1, 2016 unless both of the following apply: (a) The person's criminal liability is based on conduct that includes either a voluntary act or an omis…