Title 35, Title 35

(1) The articles or bylaws may establish criteria or procedures for admission of members. (2) A person may not be admitted as a member without the person's consent.

Except as provided in its articles or bylaws, a corporation may admit members for no consideration or for consideration determined by the board.

A corporation is not required to have members.

All members have the same rights and obligations with respect to voting, dissolution, redemption, and transfer unless the articles or bylaws establish classes of membership with different rights or obligations. All members have the same rights and obligations with respect to any …

(1) Except as set forth in or authorized by the articles or bylaws, a member of a mutual benefit corporation may not transfer a membership or any right arising from a membership. (2) A member of a public benefit or religious corporation may not transfer a membership or any right …

A member of a corporation is not, as a member, personally liable for the acts, debts, liabilities, or obligations of the corporation.

A member may become liable to the corporation for dues, assessments, or fees. However, an article or bylaw provision or a resolution adopted by the board authorizing or imposing dues, assessments, or fees does not, of itself, create liability.

(1) A proceeding may not be brought by a creditor to reach the liability, if any, of a member to the corporation unless final judgment has been rendered in favor of the creditor against the corporation and execution has been returned unsatisfied in whole or in part or unless furt…

(1) A member may resign at any time. (2) The resignation of a member does not relieve the member from any obligations the member may have to the corporation as a result of obligations incurred or commitments made prior to resignation.

(1) A member of a public benefit corporation or mutual benefit corporation may not be expelled or suspended and membership in these corporations may not be terminated or suspended except pursuant to a procedure that is fair and reasonable and is carried out in good faith. (2) A p…

(1) A public benefit corporation or religious corporation may not purchase any of its memberships or any right arising from membership. (2) A mutual benefit corporation may purchase the membership of a member who resigns or whose membership is terminated for the amount and pursua…

(1) A corporation may provide in its articles or bylaws for delegates who have some or all of the authority of members. (2) The articles or bylaws may set forth provisions relating to: (a) the characteristics, qualifications, rights, limitations, and obligations of delegates incl…

(1) Unless the terms of the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, a homeowners' association or an association of unit owners may hold a meeting by remote means. (2) For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply: (a) "Association of unit owners…

(1) A corporation with members shall hold a membership meeting annually at a time stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws. (2) A corporation with members may hold regular membership meetings at the times stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws. (3) Annual and re…

(1) A corporation with members shall hold a special meeting of members: (a) on the call of its board or of the person authorized to do so by the articles or bylaws; or (b) except as provided in the articles or bylaws of a religious corporation, if the holders of at least 5% of th…

(1) The district court for the judicial district of the county where a corporation's principal office is located or, if the principal office is not located in this state, in Lewis and Clark County may summarily order a meeting to be held: (a) on application of a member or other p…

(1) Unless limited or prohibited by the articles or bylaws, action required or permitted by this chapter to be approved by the members may be approved without a meeting of members if the action is approved by members holding at least 80% of the voting power. The action must be ev…

(1) A corporation shall give notice consistent with its bylaws of meetings of members in a fair and reasonable manner. (2) Any notice that conforms to the requirements of subsection (3) is fair and reasonable, but other means of giving notice may also be fair and reasonable when …

(1) A member may waive a notice required by this chapter, the articles, or bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice. The waiver must be in writing, be signed by the member entitled to the notice, and be delivered to the corporation for inclusion in the minute…

(1) The bylaws of a corporation may fix or provide the manner of fixing a date as the record date for determining the members entitled to notice of a members' meeting. If the bylaws do not fix or provide for fixing a record date, the board may fix a future date as the record date…

(1) Unless prohibited or limited by the articles or bylaws, any action that may be taken at any annual, regular, or special meeting of members may be taken without a meeting if the corporation delivers a written ballot to every member entitled to vote on the matter. (2) A corpora…

(1) After fixing a record date for a notice of a meeting, a corporation shall prepare an alphabetical list of the names of all its members who are entitled to notice of the meeting. The list must show the address or authenticated electronic identification and number of votes each…

(1) Unless the articles or bylaws provide otherwise, each member is entitled to one vote on each matter voted on by the members. (2) Unless the articles or bylaws provide otherwise, if a membership stands of record in the names of two or more persons, their acts with respect to v…

(1) Unless this chapter, the articles, or bylaws provide for a higher or lower quorum, 10% of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter must be represented at a meeting of members to constitute a quorum on that matter. (2) A bylaw amendment to decrease the quorum for any member a…

(1) Unless this chapter, the articles, or bylaws require a greater vote or voting by class, if a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the votes represented and voting, if they are a majority of the required quorum, is the act of the members. (2) A bylaw amendment to increas…

(1) Unless the articles or bylaws prohibit or limit proxy voting, a member may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for the member by signing an appointment form, either personally or by an attorney-in-fact. (2) An appointment of a proxy is effective when received by the secr…

(1) If the articles or bylaws provide for cumulative voting by members, members may so vote by multiplying the number of votes the members are entitled to cast by the number of directors for whom they are entitled to vote and casting the product for a single candidate or distribu…

A corporation may provide in its articles or bylaws for election of directors by members or delegates: (1) on the basis of chapter or other organizational unit; (2) by region or other geographic unit; (3) by preferential voting; or (4) by any other reasonable method.

(1) If the name signed on a vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment corresponds to the name of a member or is the authenticated electronic identification of a member, the corporation, if acting in good faith, is entitled to accept the vote, consent, waiver, or proxy appointme…

(1) Two or more members may provide for the manner in which they will vote by signing an agreement for that purpose. Voting agreements may be valid for a period of up to 10 years. For public benefit corporations, voting agreements must have a reasonable purpose consistent with th…

(1) Unless the bylaws or other governing documents adopted by the members of the association provide otherwise, an unincorporated homeowners' association may hold a meeting by remote means. (2) For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply: (a) "Remote means" …

(1) Subject to the limitations set forth in 35-2-609, one or more nonprofit corporations may merge into a business or nonprofit corporation if the plan of merger is approved as provided in 35-2-610. (2) The plan of merger must set forth: (a) the name of each corporation planning …

(1) Except as provided in subsection (4) or without the prior approval of the district court for the judicial district in which the corporation's principal office is located or, if the principal office is not located in this state, in Lewis and Clark County, in a proceeding of wh…

(1) Unless this chapter, the articles, the bylaws, or the board of directors or members, acting pursuant to subsection (3), require a greater vote or voting by class to be adopted, a plan of merger must be approved: (a) by the board; (b) by the members, if any, by two-thirds of t…

After a plan of merger is approved by the board of directors and, if required by 35-2-610, by the members and any other persons, the surviving or acquiring corporation shall deliver to the secretary of state, for filing, articles of merger setting forth: (1) the plan of merger; (…

When a merger takes effect: (1) every other corporation party to the merger merges into the surviving corporation and the separate existence of every corporation except the surviving corporation ceases; (2) the title to all real estate and other property owned by each corporation…

(1) Except as provided in 35-2-609, one or more foreign business or nonprofit corporations may merge with one or more domestic nonprofit corporations if: (a) the merger is permitted by the law of the state, tribe, or country under whose law each foreign corporation is incorporate…

A bequest, devise, gift, grant, or promise contained in a will or other instrument of donation, subscription, or conveyance that is made to a constituent corporation and that takes effect or remains payable after the merger inures to the surviving corporation unless the will or o…

(1) A corporation may on the terms and conditions and for the consideration determined by the board of directors: (a) sell, lease, exchange, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its property in the usual and regular course of its activities; or (b) mortgage, pledge…

(1) A corporation may sell, lease, exchange, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its property, which may include the good will, other than in the usual and regular course of its activities on the terms and conditions and for the consideration determined by the cor…

(1) A majority of the incorporators or directors of a corporation that does not have members may, subject to any approval required by the articles or bylaws, dissolve the corporation by delivering to the secretary of state articles of dissolution. (2) The corporation shall give n…

(1) Unless this chapter, the articles, bylaws, or the board of directors or members, acting pursuant to subsection (1)(c), require a greater vote or voting by class, dissolution is authorized if it is approved: (a) by the board; (b) by the members, if any, by two-thirds of the vo…

(1) Except as provided in subsection (4), a public benefit corporation or religious corporation shall give the attorney general written notice that it intends to dissolve at or before the time it delivers articles of dissolution to the secretary of state. The notice must include …

(1) At any time after dissolution is authorized, the corporation may dissolve by delivering to the secretary of state articles of dissolution setting forth: (a) the name of the corporation; (b) the date dissolution was authorized; (c) a statement that dissolution was approved by …

(1) A corporation may revoke its dissolution within 120 days of its effective date. (2) Revocation of dissolution must be authorized in the same manner as the dissolution was authorized unless that authorization permitted revocation by action of the board of directors alone, in w…

(1) A dissolved corporation continues its corporate existence but may not carry on any activities except those appropriate to wind up and liquidate its affairs, including: (a) preserving and protecting its assets and minimizing its liabilities; (b) discharging or making provision…