Title GOB, General Obligations

§ 1-101. Short title. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "General Obligations Law."

§ 1-201. Construction of act of reconsolidation. 1. This chapter shall be construed as a continuation and re-enactment of the provisions repealed by article nineteen hereof as such provisions existed on December thirty-first, nineteen hundred sixty-two. 2. The repeal by this cha…

§ 1-202. Definition. As used in this chapter, the term "infant" or "minor" means a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years.

§ 1-203. Provisions excluding application of certain sections to matters previous to dates of their original enactment. 1. Section 1-202 applies to all obligations arising on or after September first, nineteen hundred seventy-four. 2. Section 3-101 applies to contracts made on o…

§ 11-100. Compensation for injury or damage caused by the intoxication of a person under the age of twenty-one years. 1. Any person who shall be injured in person, property, means of support or otherwise, by reason of the intoxication or impairment of ability of any person under…

§ 11-101. Compensation for injury caused by the illegal sale of intoxicating liquor. 1. Any person who shall be injured in person, property, means of support, or otherwise by any intoxicated person, or by reason of the intoxication of any person, whether resulting in his death o…

§ 11-102. Liability of utilities for compensation for damages caused by interfering with, or delaying the progress of work under state public construction contracts. 1. No utility shall interfere with, or delay the progress of work under any contract with the state department, a…

§ 11-103. Compensation for injury caused by the illegal sale of controlled substances. 1. (a) Any person who is injured in person, property, means of support or otherwise by a person whose abilities are impaired by the use of a controlled substance, or by reason of such person's…

§ 11-104. Additional liability of drawer. 1. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of law, a drawer negotiating a check who knows or should know that payment of such check will be refused by the drawee bank either because the drawer has no account with such bank or because the …

§ 11-105. Larceny in mercantile establishments. 1. When used in this section, the term "mercantile establishment" shall mean a place or vehicle where goods, wares or merchandise are offered for sale or a place or vehicle from which deliveries of goods, wares or merchandise are m…

§ 11-106. Compensation for injury or death to police officers and firefighters or their estates. 1. In addition to any other right of action or recovery otherwise available under law, whenever any police officer or firefighter suffers any injury, disease or death while in the la…

§ 11-107. Compensation for harm to a guide, hearing or service dog. In addition to any other right of action or recovery otherwise available under law, a disabled person whose guide, hearing or service dog is injured due to the negligence of the owner of another dog in handling …

§ 12-101. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as "the drug dealer liability act".

§ 12-102. Definitions. As used in this article: 1. "Illegal drug" means any controlled substance the possession of which is an offense under the public health law or the penal law. 2. "Drug market" means the support system of illegal drug-related operations, from production to r…

§ 12-103. Liability established. A person who knowingly participates in a drug market within this state and has been convicted of a crime for such participation in a drug market and is a drug trafficker shall be liable for civil damages as provided in this article.

§ 12-104. Recovery by persons other than illegal drug users. 1. One or more of the following persons may bring an action for and recover damages caused by use of an illegal drug by an individual: (a) A parent, legal guardian, child, or spouse of an individual drug user; (b) An e…

§ 12-105. Recovery by illegal drug users. 1. An individual drug user may not bring an action for damages caused by the use of an illegal drug, unless all of the following conditions are met: (a) The individual discloses to law enforcement authorities, more than six months before…

§ 12-106. Scope of defendant's liability established. A person shall be deemed to have affected a target community based upon the following grades of offenses: 1. For a grade one violation, the county in which the place of participation by the defendant is situated; 2. For a gra…

§ 12-107. Joinder. Two or more persons may join in one cause of action under this article as plaintiffs if each action has at least one place of illegal drug activity in common and if any portion of the period of illegal drug use overlaps with the period of illegal drug use for …

§ 12-108. Culpable conduct; contribution. 1. An action by an individual drug user shall be governed by the provisions of article fourteen-A of the civil practice law and rules. An action by a person other than an individual drug user shall not be governed by the provisions of ar…

§ 12-109. Judgments; execution and enforcement. 1. The provisions of the civil practice law and rules relating to the exemption of certain real and personal property from execution and enforcement of civil judgments shall not apply to judgment rendered in favor of the plaintiff …

§ 12-110. Periods of limitation. 1. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a claim under this article may not be brought more than two years after the cause of action accrues. A cause of action accrues under this article when a person who may recover has reason to…

§ 13-101. Transfer of claims. Any claim or demand can be transferred, except in one of the following cases: 1. Where it is to recover damages for a personal injury; 2. Where it is founded upon a grant, which is made void by a statute of the state; or upon a claim to or interest …

§ 13-103. Transfer of judgment for sum of money. A judgment for a sum of money, or directing the payment of a sum of money, recovered upon any cause of action, may be transferred; but if it is vacated or reversed, the transfer thereof does not transfer the cause of action unless…

§ 13-105. Effect of transfer of claim or demand. Where a claim or demand can be transferred, the transfer thereof passes an interest, which the transferee may enforce by an action or special proceeding, or interpose as a defense or counter-claim, in his own name, as the transfer…

§ 13-107. Claims or demands transferred with bond unless reserved. 1. Unless expressly reserved in writing, a transfer of any bond shall vest in the transferee all claims or demands of the transferrer, whether or not such claims or demands are known to exist, (a) for damages or …

§ 13-109. Definition of "transfer." As used in sections 13-101, 13-103, 13-105 and 13-107, the term "transfer" includes sale, assignment, conveyance, deed and gift.

§ 15-101. Definitions. In this title, unless otherwise expressly stated, "obligation" does not include a liability in tort; "obligor" does not include a person liable for a tort; "obligee" does not include a person having a right based on a tort. "Several obligors" means obligor…

§ 15-102. Co-obligor not a party. A judgment against one or more of several obligors, or against one or more of joint, or of joint and several obligors shall not discharge a co-obligor who was not a party to the proceeding wherein the judgment was rendered.

§ 15-103. Consideration to be credited to co-obligor. The amount or value of any consideration received by the obligee from one or more of several obligors, or from one or more of joint, or of joint and several obligors, in whole or in partial satisfaction of their obligations, …

§ 15-104. Discharge of one obligor, with reservations. Subject to the provisions of section 15-103, the obligee's release or discharge of one or more of several obligors, or of one or more of joint, or of joint and several obligors shall not discharge co-obligors, against whom t…

§ 15-105. Discharge of one obligor, without reservation. 1. If an obligee releasing or discharging an obligor without express reservation of rights against a co-obligor, then knows or has reason to know that the obligor released or discharged did not pay so much of the claim as …

§ 15-106. Death of joint obligor. On the death of a joint obligor in contract, his estate shall be bound as such jointly and severally with the surviving obligor or obligors.

§ 15-107. Release of partner. A release of a partner from a partnership liability shall release his co-partners from the same liability to the creditor giving the release, but after a partnership has been dissolved, by consent or otherwise, any partner may make a separate compos…

§ 15-108. Release or covenant not to sue. (a) Effect of release of or covenant not to sue tortfeasors. When a release or a covenant not to sue or not to enforce a judgment is given to one of two or more persons liable or claimed to be liable in tort for the same injury, or the s…

§ 15-109. Uniformity of interpretation. This title shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.

§ 15-110. Inconsistent laws repealed. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this title are hereby repealed; but nothing in this title shall be construed as repealing any of the provisions of the civil practice law and rules or the partnership law.

§ 15-301. When written agreement or other instrument cannot be changed by oral executory agreement, or discharged or terminated by oral executory agreement or oral consent or by oral notice. 1. A written agreement or other written instrument which contains a provision to the eff…

§ 15-303. Release in writing without consideration or seal. A written instrument which purports to be a total or partial release of all claims, debts, demands or obligations, or a total or partial release of any particular claim, debt, demand or obligation, or a release or disch…

§ 15-304. Forfeiture and cancellation of oil, gas or mineral land leases. 1. When any oil, gas or mineral land lease given on land situated in any county of New York state and recorded therein becomes forfeited, terminates or expires by its own terms, the lessee, or where the le…

§ 15-501. Executory accord. 1. Executory accord as used in this section means an agreement embodying a promise express or implied to accept at some future time a stipulated performance in satisfaction or discharge in whole or in part of any present claim, cause of action, contra…

§ 15-503. Offer of accord followed by tender. 1. An offer in writing, signed by the offeror or by his agent, to accept a performance therein designated in satisfaction or discharge in whole or in part of any claim, cause of action, contract, obligation, or lease, or any mortgage…

§ 15-701. Surety not discharged by failure or refusal by creditor to sue principal debtor. Unless otherwise agreed between the parties in writing, the failure or refusal by a creditor, after a demand by a person bound as surety, to bring an action against a principal debtor upon…

§ 15-702. Surety disclosure. 1. As used in this section: a. "Consumer" means a natural person. b. "Consumer credit transaction" or "transaction" means a loan or sale pursuant to which credit is extended to a consumer primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. The ter…

§ 17-101. Acknowledgment or new promise must be in writing. An acknowledgment or promise contained in a writing signed by the party to be charged thereby is the only competent evidence of a new or continuing contract whereby to take an action out of the operation of the provisio…

§ 17-103. Agreements waiving the statute of limitation. 1. A promise to waive, to extend, or not to plead the statute of limitation applicable to an action arising out of a contract express or implied in fact or in law, if made after the accrual of the cause of action and made, …

§ 17-105. Promises and waivers affecting the time limited for action to foreclose a mortgage. 1. A waiver of the expiration of the time limited for commencement of an action to foreclose a mortgage of real property or a mortgage of a lease of real property, or a waiver of the ti…

§ 17-107. Effect of part payment on time limited for foreclosure of a mortgage. 1. A payment on account of a mortgage indebtedness, or instalment thereof or interest thereon, which is effective to revive an action to recover such indebtedness, instalment or interest or to extend…

§ 18-101. Legislative purpose. The legislature hereby finds that alpine or downhill skiing is both a major recreational sport and a major industry within the state of New York. The legislature further finds: (1) that downhill skiing, like many other sports, contains inherent ris…

§ 18-102. Definitions. The following words and phrases when used in this article shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the meanings given to them in this section: 1. "Lift ticket" means any item issued by a ski area operator to any skier that is intended to…