Title GOB, General Obligations

§ 1-101. Short title. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as\nthe "General Obligations Law."\n

§ 1-201. Construction of act of reconsolidation. 1. This chapter shall\nbe construed as a continuation and re-enactment of the provisions\nrepealed by article nineteen hereof as such provisions existed on\nDecember thirty-first, nineteen hundred sixty-two.\n 2. The repeal by thi…

§ 1-202. Definition. As used in this chapter, the term "infant" or\n"minor" means a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years.\n

§ 1-203. Provisions excluding application of certain sections to\nmatters previous to dates of their original enactment. 1. Section 1-202\napplies to all obligations arising on or after September first, nineteen\nhundred seventy-four.\n 2. Section 3-101 applies to contracts made…

§ 11-100. Compensation for injury or damage caused by the intoxication\nof a person under the age of twenty-one years. 1. Any person who shall\nbe injured in person, property, means of support or otherwise, by reason\nof the intoxication or impairment of ability of any person un…

§ 11-101. Compensation for injury caused by the illegal sale of\nintoxicating liquor. 1. Any person who shall be injured in person,\nproperty, means of support, or otherwise by any intoxicated person, or\nby reason of the intoxication of any person, whether resulting in his\ndea…

§ 11-102. Liability of utilities for compensation for damages caused\nby interfering with, or delaying the progress of work under state public\nconstruction contracts. 1. No utility shall interfere with, or delay the\nprogress of work under any contract with the state department…

§ 11-103. Compensation for injury caused by the illegal sale of\ncontrolled substances. 1. (a) Any person who is injured in person,\nproperty, means of support or otherwise by a person whose abilities are\nimpaired by the use of a controlled substance, or by reason of such\npers…

§ 11-104. Additional liability of drawer. 1. Notwithstanding any\ncontrary provision of law, a drawer negotiating a check who knows or\nshould know that payment of such check will be refused by the drawee\nbank either because the drawer has no account with such bank or because\n…

§ 11-105. Larceny in mercantile establishments. 1. When used in this\nsection, the term "mercantile establishment" shall mean a place or\nvehicle where goods, wares or merchandise are offered for sale or a\nplace or vehicle from which deliveries of goods, wares or merchandise\na…

§ 11-106. Compensation for injury or death to police officers and\nfirefighters or their estates. 1. In addition to any other right of\naction or recovery otherwise available under law, whenever any police\nofficer or firefighter suffers any injury, disease or death while in the…

§ 11-107. Compensation for harm to a guide, hearing or service dog. In\naddition to any other right of action or recovery otherwise available\nunder law, a disabled person whose guide, hearing or service dog is\ninjured due to the negligence of the owner of another dog in handli…

§ 12-101. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as\n"the drug dealer liability act".\n

§ 12-102. Definitions. As used in this article:\n 1. "Illegal drug" means any controlled substance the possession of\nwhich is an offense under the public health law or the penal law.\n 2. "Drug market" means the support system of illegal drug-related\noperations, from productio…

§ 12-103. Liability established. A person who knowingly participates\nin a drug market within this state and has been convicted of a crime for\nsuch participation in a drug market and is a drug trafficker shall be\nliable for civil damages as provided in this article.\n

§ 12-104. Recovery by persons other than illegal drug users. 1. One or\nmore of the following persons may bring an action for and recover\ndamages caused by use of an illegal drug by an individual:\n (a) A parent, legal guardian, child, or spouse of an individual drug\nuser;\n (…

§ 12-105. Recovery by illegal drug users. 1. An individual drug user\nmay not bring an action for damages caused by the use of an illegal\ndrug, unless all of the following conditions are met:\n (a) The individual discloses to law enforcement authorities, more than\nsix months b…

§ 12-106. Scope of defendant's liability established. A person shall\nbe deemed to have affected a target community based upon the following\ngrades of offenses:\n 1. For a grade one violation, the county in which the place of\nparticipation by the defendant is situated;\n 2. Fo…

§ 12-107. Joinder. Two or more persons may join in one cause of action\nunder this article as plaintiffs if each action has at least one place\nof illegal drug activity in common and if any portion of the period of\nillegal drug use overlaps with the period of illegal drug use f…

§ 12-108. Culpable conduct; contribution. 1. An action by an\nindividual drug user shall be governed by the provisions of article\nfourteen-A of the civil practice law and rules. An action by a person\nother than an individual drug user shall not be governed by the\nprovisions o…

§ 12-109. Judgments; execution and enforcement. 1. The provisions of\nthe civil practice law and rules relating to the exemption of certain\nreal and personal property from execution and enforcement of civil\njudgments shall not apply to judgment rendered in favor of the plainti…

§ 12-110. Periods of limitation. 1. Notwithstanding any provision of\nlaw to the contrary, a claim under this article may not be brought more\nthan two years after the cause of action accrues. A cause of action\naccrues under this article when a person who may recover has reason…

§ 13-101. Transfer of claims. Any claim or demand can be transferred,\nexcept in one of the following cases:\n 1. Where it is to recover damages for a personal injury;\n 2. Where it is founded upon a grant, which is made void by a statute\nof the state; or upon a claim to or int…

§ 13-103. Transfer of judgment for sum of money. A judgment for a sum\nof money, or directing the payment of a sum of money, recovered upon any\ncause of action, may be transferred; but if it is vacated or reversed,\nthe transfer thereof does not transfer the cause of action unl…

§ 13-105. Effect of transfer of claim or demand. Where a claim or\ndemand can be transferred, the transfer thereof passes an interest,\nwhich the transferee may enforce by an action or special proceeding, or\ninterpose as a defense or counter-claim, in his own name, as the\ntran…

§ 13-107. Claims or demands transferred with bond unless reserved. 1.\nUnless expressly reserved in writing, a transfer of any bond shall vest\nin the transferee all claims or demands of the transferrer, whether or\nnot such claims or demands are known to exist, (a) for damages …

§ 13-109. Definition of "transfer." As used in sections 13-101,\n13-103, 13-105 and 13-107, the term "transfer" includes sale,\nassignment, conveyance, deed and gift.\n

§ 15-101. Definitions. In this title, unless otherwise expressly\nstated, "obligation" does not include a liability in tort; "obligor"\ndoes not include a person liable for a tort; "obligee" does not include\na person having a right based on a tort. "Several obligors" means\nobl…

§ 15-102. Co-obligor not a party. A judgment against one or more of\nseveral obligors, or against one or more of joint, or of joint and\nseveral obligors shall not discharge a co-obligor who was not a party to\nthe proceeding wherein the judgment was rendered.\n

§ 15-103. Consideration to be credited to co-obligor. The amount or\nvalue of any consideration received by the obligee from one or more of\nseveral obligors, or from one or more of joint, or of joint and several\nobligors, in whole or in partial satisfaction of their obligation…

§ 15-104. Discharge of one obligor, with reservations. Subject to the\nprovisions of section 15-103, the obligee's release or discharge of one\nor more of several obligors, or of one or more of joint, or of joint and\nseveral obligors shall not discharge co-obligors, against who…

§ 15-105. Discharge of one obligor, without reservation. 1. If an\nobligee releasing or discharging an obligor without express reservation\nof rights against a co-obligor, then knows or has reason to know that\nthe obligor released or discharged did not pay so much of the claim …

§ 15-106. Death of joint obligor. On the death of a joint obligor in\ncontract, his estate shall be bound as such jointly and severally with\nthe surviving obligor or obligors.\n

§ 15-107. Release of partner. A release of a partner from a\npartnership liability shall release his co-partners from the same\nliability to the creditor giving the release, but after a partnership\nhas been dissolved, by consent or otherwise, any partner may make a\nseparate co…

§ 15-108. Release or covenant not to sue. (a) Effect of release of or\ncovenant not to sue tortfeasors. When a release or a covenant not to sue\nor not to enforce a judgment is given to one of two or more persons\nliable or claimed to be liable in tort for the same injury, or th…

§ 15-109. Uniformity of interpretation. This title shall be so\ninterpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make\nuniform the law of those states which enact it.\n

§ 15-110. Inconsistent laws repealed. All acts or parts of acts\ninconsistent with this title are hereby repealed; but nothing in this\ntitle shall be construed as repealing any of the provisions of the civil\npractice law and rules or the partnership law.\n

§ 15-301. When written agreement or other instrument cannot be changed\nby oral executory agreement, or discharged or terminated by oral\nexecutory agreement or oral consent or by oral notice. 1. A written\nagreement or other written instrument which contains a provision to the\…

§ 15-303. Release in writing without consideration or seal. A written\ninstrument which purports to be a total or partial release of all\nclaims, debts, demands or obligations, or a total or partial release of\nany particular claim, debt, demand or obligation, or a release or\nd…

§ 15-304. Forfeiture and cancellation of oil, gas or mineral land\nleases. 1. When any oil, gas or mineral land lease given on land\nsituated in any county of New York state and recorded therein becomes\nforfeited, terminates or expires by its own terms, the lessee, or where\nth…

§ 15-501. Executory accord. 1. Executory accord as used in this\nsection means an agreement embodying a promise express or implied to\naccept at some future time a stipulated performance in satisfaction or\ndischarge in whole or in part of any present claim, cause of action,\nco…

§ 15-503. Offer of accord followed by tender. 1. An offer in writing,\nsigned by the offeror or by his agent, to accept a performance therein\ndesignated in satisfaction or discharge in whole or in part of any\nclaim, cause of action, contract, obligation, or lease, or any mortg…

§ 15-701. Surety not discharged by failure or refusal by creditor to\nsue principal debtor. Unless otherwise agreed between the parties in\nwriting, the failure or refusal by a creditor, after a demand by a\nperson bound as surety, to bring an action against a principal debtor\n…

§ 15-702. Surety disclosure. 1. As used in this section:\n a. "Consumer" means a natural person.\n b. "Consumer credit transaction" or "transaction" means a loan or sale\npursuant to which credit is extended to a consumer primarily for\npersonal, family, or household purposes. T…

§ 17-101. Acknowledgment or new promise must be in writing. An\nacknowledgment or promise contained in a writing signed by the party to\nbe charged thereby is the only competent evidence of a new or continuing\ncontract whereby to take an action out of the operation of the\nprov…

§ 17-103. Agreements waiving the statute of limitation. 1. A promise\nto waive, to extend, or not to plead the statute of limitation\napplicable to an action arising out of a contract express or implied in\nfact or in law, if made after the accrual of the cause of action and\nma…

§ 17-105. Promises and waivers affecting the time limited for action\nto foreclose a mortgage. 1. A waiver of the expiration of the time\nlimited for commencement of an action to foreclose a mortgage of real\nproperty or a mortgage of a lease of real property, or a waiver of the…

§ 17-107. Effect of part payment on time limited for foreclosure of a\nmortgage. 1. A payment on account of a mortgage indebtedness, or\ninstalment thereof or interest thereon, which is effective to revive an\naction to recover such indebtedness, instalment or interest or to ext…

§ 18-101. Legislative purpose. The legislature hereby finds that\nalpine or downhill skiing is both a major recreational sport and a major\nindustry within the state of New York. The legislature further finds:\n(1) that downhill skiing, like many other sports, contains inherent\…

§ 18-102. Definitions. The following words and phrases when used in\nthis article shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise,\nthe meanings given to them in this section:\n 1. "Lift ticket" means any item issued by a ski area operator to any\nskier that is intend…