1. As used in this section: a. "Automated driving system" means hardware and software collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task for the vehicle on a sustained basis when installed on a motor vehicle and engaged regardless of whether it is limited to a specific operational design domain. b. "Autonomous vehicle" means a vehicle equipped with an automated driving system. c. "Dynamic driving task" means all of the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a vehicle in on-road traffic within the vehicle's specific operational design domain, if any, excluding the strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints. d. "Human driver" means an individual with a valid license to operate a motor vehicle who manually exercises in-vehicle braking, accelerating, steering, and transmission gear selection input devices to operate a vehicle. e. "Minimal risk condition" means a low-risk operating mode in which an autonomous vehicle operating without a human driver achieves a reasonably safe state, such as bringing the vehicle to a complete stop, upon experiencing a failure of the vehicle's automated driving system that renders the vehicle unable to perform the entire dynamic driving task. f. "Operational design domain" means a description of the specific operating domain in which an automated driving system is designed to properly operate, including roadway types, speed range, environmental conditions, and other domain constraints. 2. An autonomous vehicle must be capable of operating in compliance with all applicable federal and state law, except to the extent exempted under applicable federal or state law, and may operate on the public highways of this state in full compliance with all vehicle registration, title, insurance, and all other applicable requirements under this title.
3. An autonomous vehicle with automated driving systems engaged does not require a human driver to operate on the public highway if the autonomous vehicle is capable of achieving a minimal risk condition in case a system failure occurs which renders the automated driving system unable to perform the entire dynamic driving task relevant to the vehicle's intended operational design domain. 4. An individual using an autonomous vehicle is not driving or in actual physical control of the autonomous vehicle and, therefore, is exempt from licensing requirements if: a. The automated driving system is completing the entire dynamic driving task; and b. The autonomous vehicle is capable of achieving a minimal risk condition if a system failure occurs that renders the automated driving system unable to perform the entire dynamic driving task relevant to the vehicle's intended operational design domain. 5. This section may not be construed to modify, limit, or restrict any statutory provision affecting liability, including chapter 26.1-40, 26.1-41, 28-01.3, 32-03.2, or 39-16.1.
39-01-02. Motor vehicles owned or leased by the state to display name on side of vehicles - Exceptions - Penalty. All motor vehicles owned and operated by the state, except vehicles under the control of the central vehicle management system and the official vehicle for use by the governor, must have displayed on each front door the words NORTH DAKOTA. The words must be in letters four inches [10.16 centimeters] in height. Two and one-half inches [6.35 centimeters] directly below those words there must be printed in letters one and one-half inches [3.81 centimeters] in height the name of the state agency owning or leasing the motor vehicle. The width of the display required by this section must be proportionate to the required height. The color of the lettering must be in clear and sharp contrast to the background. The state auditor shall include in the auditor's report to the governor and the legislative assembly any instance of noncompliance with this section. The above requirements and the requirements for no smoking signs do not apply to vehicles operated by a state entity that engages in investigatory activities. The central vehicle management system vehicles must display a window decal designed by the director. The state highway patrol and all peace officers of this state shall enforce this section.
39-01-03. Motor vehicle owned by the state, North Dakota art museum, or an international peace garden not to be used for private use or in political activities. A person, officer, or employee of the state or of any department, board, bureau, commission, institution, industry, or other agency of the state, or person, officer, or employee of the North Dakota art museum, or of any entity located upon the international boundary line between the United States of America and Canada used and maintained as a memorial to commemorate the long-existing relationship of peace and good will between the people and the governments of the United States of America and Canada and to further international peace among the nations of the world, may not use or drive any motor vehicle belonging to the state or to any department, board, bureau, commission, institution, industry, or other agency of the state, or person, officer, or employee of the North Dakota art museum, or of any entity located upon the international boundary line between the United States of America and Canada used and maintained as a memorial to commemorate the long-existing relationship of peace and good will between the people and the governments of the United States of America and Canada and to further international peace among the nations of the world, for private use, or while engaged in any political activity.