Title 44, Offices and Officers

The electronic mail address or telephone number of an individual which is provided to a public entity for the purpose of or in the course of communicating with that public entity is an exempt record. This section may not be used to shield the identity of the individual communicat…

The medical condition of an individual, medical treatment provided to an individual, and the name of an individual who received medical treatment from a public entity during an emergency medical response is an exempt record.

A public library, archive, or museum may designate a donated record as an exempt record if the donor of the record requests as a condition of the donation that the record not be released to the public for a specific amount of time, which may not exceed twenty years beyond the dea…

Any record maintained within a legislative bill tracking system administered or operated by a public entity is an exempt record.

A record of the value of property paid or delivered to the administrator of the state abandoned property office under section 47-30.2-21 is an exempt record.

Notwithstanding section 44-04-18.6, any record of the legislative council relating to a request for public records made by the legislative council on behalf of a member of the legislative assembly is a public record. The legislative council shall maintain a written or digital rec…

If a public entity or any person delegated authority by a public entity to review applications or make hiring decisions receives applications from three or more applicants who meet the minimum qualifications for a vacant position, the public entity or other person shall designate…

Any record related to a complaint or investigation under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 [Pub. L. 92-318; 20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.] at an institution under the control of the state board of higher education which contains personally identifiable information about a par…

A record received by the board of university and school lands from a private entity for purposes of the board's audit of the entity's coal, oil, gas, or other royalty payments to the board is confidential. However, the board may furnish information to the attorney general, other …

1. Except as provided in subsection 5, a telephone number and the home address of a prosecutor, justice of the United States, federal judge, magistrate judge, supreme court justice, district court judge, judicial referee, juvenile court director or probation officer, an employee …

1. For purposes of this section: a. "Human services" means services provided to an individual or an individual's family in need of services to assist the individual or the individual's family in achieving and maintaining basic self-sufficiency, including physical health, mental h…

Any record revealing the substance of, or the individual interviewed in, a background interview conducted as part of the consideration of an applicant for a position as a law enforcement officer is an exempt record. For purposes of this section, "background interview" means an in…

Unless otherwise provided by law, a medical record or a record containing medical information in the possession of a public entity is an exempt record.

A record received by the secretary of state, which is related to a request for approval of a petition to initiate or refer a measure, is an exempt record until the secretary of state has passed upon the sufficiency of the petition under section 16.1-01-10, or thirty-five days hav…

A record related to an individual's application for admission to an institution of higher education under the administration of the state board of higher education is exempt, except as otherwise provided by law. Subject to the retention requirements under section 15-10-44, the re…

1. Trade secret, proprietary, commercial, and financial information is confidential if it is of a privileged nature and it has not been previously publicly disclosed. 2. Under this section, unless the context otherwise requires: a. "Commercial information" means information perta…

Any computer software program or component of a computer software program contracted, developed, or acquired by a public entity or state agency, institution, department, or board and for which the public entity or state agency, institution, department, or board acquires a license…

1. The following records, regardless of form or characteristic, of or relating to the legislative council, the legislative management, the legislative assembly, the house of representatives, the senate, or a member of the legislative assembly are not subject to section 44-04-18 a…

1. Active criminal intelligence information and active criminal investigative information are not subject to section 44-04-18 and section 6 of article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota. A criminal justice agency shall maintain a list of all files containing active criminal i…

The following records are not subject to section 44-04-18 and section 6 of article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota: examination or test questions, scoring keys, and other data used to administer any licensing, employment, academic, or certification examination or test, if …

Any credit, debit, or electronic fund transfer card or account number and any financial institution account number that a public entity, elected official, or appointed official uses or has available for making electronic or other deposits, transfers, or payments is not an open re…

Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, all meetings of a public entity must be open to the public. That portion of a meeting of the governing body of a public entity as defined in subdivision c of subsection 13 of section 44-04-17.1 which does not regard public busines…

1. Attorney work product is exempt from section 44-04-18. Attorney work product and copies thereof shall not be open to public inspection, examination, or copying unless specifically made public by the public entity receiving such work product. 2. Attorney consultation is exempt …

1. A governing body may hold an executive session to consider or discuss closed or confidential records. 2. Unless a different procedure is provided by law, an executive session that is authorized by law may be held if: a. The governing body first convenes in an open session and,…

A caucus of members of either house of the legislative assembly may meet in an executive session that is not subject to section 44-04-19.2 if the meeting is not held on public property.

An onsite inspection conducted under section 58-03-20 is an exempt meeting.

1. Unless otherwise provided by law, public notice must be given in advance of all meetings of a public entity as defined in section 44-04-17.1, including executive sessions and meetings held remotely. Unless otherwise specified by law, resolution, or ordinance, or as decided by …

1. Every regular meeting of a governing body of a city, county, township, school district, park district, or water resource district must include an opportunity for an individual to provide public comment. 2. An individual providing comment at a meeting shall provide to the gover…

1. Unless otherwise specifically provided by law, all votes of whatever kind taken at any public meeting governed by the provisions of section 44-04-19 must be open, public votes, and all nonprocedural votes must be recorded roll call votes, with the votes of each member being ma…

1. Any interested person may request an attorney general's opinion to review a written denial of a request for records under section 44-04-18, a denial of access to a meeting under section 44-04-19, or other alleged violation of section 44-04-18, 44-04-19, 44-04-19.2, 44-04-20, o…

1. A violation of section 44-04-18, 44-04-19, 44-04-19.2, 44-04-20, or 44-04-21 may be the subject of a civil action brought by an interested person or entity. For an alleged violation of section 44-04-18, the complaint must be accompanied by a dated, written request for the requ…

The attorney general may refer to the appropriate state's attorney any public servant as defined in section 12.1-01-04 who has been found in more than one opinion issued pursuant to section 44-04-21.1 to have violated section 44-04-18, 44-04-19, 44-04-19.2, 44-04-20, or 44-04-21.…

A person acting in a legislative or quasi-legislative or judicial or quasi-judicial capacity for a political subdivision of the state who has a direct and substantial personal or pecuniary interest in a matter before that board, council, commission, or other body, must disclose t…

1. A security system plan kept by a public entity, and records regarding disaster mitigation, preparation, response, vulnerability, or recovery, or for cybersecurity planning, mitigation, or threat, are exempt from the provisions of section 44-04-18 and section 6 of article XI of…

Any plans and only those portions of the records, information, surveys, communications, and consultations used to produce the plans relating to protection of the public or public officials against threats of violence or other harm are exempt from the provisions of section 44-04-1…

Those portions of a meeting which would reveal a security system plan, a public health or security plan, or a portion of any such plan, made exempt by section 44-04-24 or 44-04-25, are exempt from section 44-04-19 and section 5 of article XI of the Constitution of North Dakota.

Security codes, passwords, combinations, or security-related plans used to protect electronic information or to prevent access to computers, computer systems, or computer or telecommunications networks of a public entity are confidential.

1. Social security numbers in the possession of a public entity are confidential. However, social security numbers may be released as authorized in this section or by other state or federal law. 2. A social security number may be released: a. For purposes of participation in reti…

Information in the files of private clients receiving legal services through the clinical education program of the university of North Dakota school of law is confidential unless the information has been requested and is properly obtainable through applicable discovery rules.

1. a. An investigation record of the state fire marshal, a fire department, or a rural fire protection district is confidential until the investigation: (1) Is closed and not referred for further criminal investigation or prosecution; or (2) The criminal investigation is no longe…

1. As used in this section, "business associate" has the meaning set forth in title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, part 160, section 103. 2. If a public entity is acting as a business associate of another public entity, the entity acting as a business associate shall comply wit…

The department of environmental quality shall keep a written record of each individual who requests information and the type of information requested regarding an animal feeding operation permit. Within seven business days of receiving the request, the department shall provide wr…

Pursuant to the tenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, public officials and employees in this state need not carry out or comply with an executive order of the president of the United States, a regulation of a federal agency or department, or a federal statute …

The following officers are authorized to administer oaths: 1. Each justice of the supreme court, each judge of the district court, the clerk of the supreme court, and the clerk's deputy. 2. The clerk of the district court, county auditor, recorder, and the deputy of each such off…

A person conscientiously opposed to swearing may affirm and is subject to the penalties of perjury as in case of swearing.

Any officer authorized by law to take and certify acknowledgment of a deed or other instrument is entitled to charge and receive not more than five dollars.

Unless otherwise provided by law, any civil or public officer required by section 44-01-05 or any other provision of law to take an oath of office must file the original oath as follows: 1. If a state official or member of a state board, with the secretary of state. 2. If a count…

The office of management and budget, any other state entity, and the governing body of any political subdivision of the state in specifying or purchasing any goods, merchandise, supplies, or equipment, may not specify any trademarked or copyrighted brand or name, nor the product …

Notwithstanding any other provisions of the North Dakota Century Code, the governing bodies of the political subdivisions of the state of North Dakota shall accept only sealed bids, whenever by law or administrative decision they are required to call for, advertise, or solicit bi…

The term "a resident North Dakota bidder, seller, vendor, offeror, or contractor", unless the context clearly provides otherwise, means a bidder, seller, vendor, offeror, or contractor who has maintained a bona fide place of business within this state for at least one year prior …