Title 14, Domestic Relations and Persons

1. The court shall presume that ordering custody or visitation to a nonparent is not in the best interest of the child if the court finds that the nonparent, or an individual living with the nonparent, has committed child abuse, child neglect, domestic violence, sexual assault, s…

1. If a nonparent seeks custody, the court may order: a. Primary residential responsibility to the nonparent; b. Joint custody to the nonparent and a parent or other party; or c. Visitation to the nonparent. 2. If a nonparent seeks visitation only, the court may not order custody…

1. On motion, and subject to subsections 3 and 4, the court may modify a final custody or visitation order under section 14-09.4-13 on a showing by a preponderance of the evidence that: a. A substantial and continuing change in circumstance has occurred relevant to the custody of…

When issuing a final order of custody or visitation, the court shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law on the record in support of its decision or, if the petition is dismissed under section 14-09.4-07, state the reasons for the dismissal.

If a child is adopted by a stepparent or other relative of the child, an order of custody or visitation to a nonparent remains in effect and is not changed by the adoption unless modified, after notice to all parties to the custody or visitation proceeding, by the court that ente…

The court may issue an order allocating responsibility between the parties for payment of the expense of facilitating visitation, including transportation expenses.

The authority of a court to award child support payable to or by a nonparent is governed by chapter 14-09.

This chapter does not preclude the recognition of an equitable right or remedy for a psychological parent under law of this state other than this chapter.

This chapter modifies, limits, or supersedes the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act [15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq.] but does not modify, limit, or supersede section 101(c) of that Act [15 U.S.C. 7001(c)], or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices desc…

In this chapter, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires: 1. "Bank" means any association, firm, or corporation engaged in the business of banking, including a national banking association, savings bank, industrial bank, or trust company. 2. "Broker" means a perso…

A bank, broker, issuer, third party, or transfer agent incurs no liability by reason of treating a minor as having capacity to transfer a security, to receive or to empower others to receive dividends, interest, principal, or other payments or distributions, to vote or give conse…

A minor, who has transferred a security; received or empowered others to receive dividends, interest, principal, or other payments or distributions; voted or given consent in person or by proxy; or made an election or exercised rights relating to the security, has no right therea…

This chapter must be so construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the laws of those states which enact it. This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Securities Ownership by Minors Act.

As used in this chapter: 1. "Educational institution" means a university, college, community college, junior college, high school, technical, career and technical education or professional school, or similar institution, wherever located, approved or accredited by the appropriate…

Any written obligation signed by a minor sixteen or more years of age in consideration of an educational loan received by the minor from any person is enforceable as if the minor was an adult at the time of execution, but only if prior to the making of the educational loan an edu…

This chapter must be so applied and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among those states which enact it.

This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Minor Student Capacity to Borrow Act.

1. The district court is the tribunal of this state. 2. The department of health and human services is the support enforcement agency of this state.

1. Remedies provided by this chapter are cumulative and do not affect the availability of remedies under other law or the recognition of a support order on the basis of comity. 2. This chapter does not: a. Provide the exclusive method of establishing or enforcing a support order …

1. A tribunal of this state shall apply sections 14-12.2-01 through 14-12.2-46.4 and, as applicable, sections 14-12.2-47.1 through 14-12.2-47.13, to a support proceeding involving: a. A foreign support order; b. A foreign tribunal; or c. An obligee, obligor, or child residing in …

1. In a proceeding to establish or enforce a support order or to determine parentage of a child, a tribunal of this state may exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident individual or the individual's guardian or conservator if: a. The individual is personally served with a…

Personal jurisdiction acquired by a tribunal of this state in a proceeding under this chapter or other law of this state relating to a support order continues as long as a tribunal of this state has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify its order or continuing jurisdiction…

Under this chapter, a tribunal of this state may serve as an initiating tribunal to forward proceedings to a tribunal of another state and as a responding tribunal for proceedings initiated in another state or foreign country.

1. A tribunal of this state may exercise jurisdiction to establish a support order if the petition or comparable pleading is filed after a petition or comparable pleading is filed in another state or foreign country only if: a. The petition or comparable pleading in this state is…

1. A tribunal of this state that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this state has and shall exercise continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify its child support order if the order is the controlling order and: a. At the time of the filing of a request…

1. A tribunal of this state that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this state may serve as an initiating tribunal to request a tribunal of another state to enforce: a. The order if the order is the controlling order and has not been modified by a tribuna…

1. If a proceeding is brought under this chapter and only one tribunal has issued a child support order, the order of that tribunal controls and must be so recognized. 2. If a proceeding is brought under this chapter, and two or more child support orders have been issued by tribu…

In responding to registrations or petitions for enforcement of two or more child support orders in effect at the same time with regard to the same obligor and different individual obligees, at least one of which was issued by a tribunal of another state or foreign country, a trib…

A tribunal of this state shall credit amounts collected for a particular period pursuant to any child support order against the amounts owed for the same period under any other child support order for support of the same child issued by a tribunal of this or another state or fore…

A tribunal of this state exercising personal jurisdiction over a nonresident in a proceeding under this chapter, under other law of this state relating to a support order, or recognizing a foreign support order may receive evidence from outside this state pursuant to section 14-1…

1. A tribunal of this state issuing a spousal support order consistent with the law of this state has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify the spousal support order throughout the existence of the support obligation. 2. A tribunal of this state may not modify a spousal su…

1. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, sections 14-12.2-13 through 14-12.2-31 apply to all proceedings under this chapter. 2. An individual petitioner or a support enforcement agency may initiate a proceeding authorized under this chapter by filing a petition in an init…

A minor parent, or a guardian or other legal representative of a minor parent, may maintain a proceeding on behalf of or for the benefit of the minor's child.

Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, a responding tribunal of this state shall: 1. Apply the procedural and substantive law generally applicable to similar proceedings originating in this state and may exercise all powers and provide all remedies available in those proce…

1. Upon the filing of a petition authorized by this chapter, an initiating tribunal of this state shall forward the petition and its accompanying documents: a. To the responding tribunal or appropriate support enforcement agency in the responding state; or b. If the identity of t…

1. When a responding tribunal of this state receives a petition or comparable pleading from an initiating tribunal or directly under subsection 2 of section 14-12.2-13, it shall cause the petition or pleading to be filed and notify the petitioner where and when it was filed. 2. A…

If a petition or comparable pleading is received by an inappropriate tribunal of this state, the tribunal shall forward the pleading and accompanying documents to an appropriate tribunal of this state or another state and notify the petitioner where and when the pleading was sent…

1. A support enforcement agency of this state, upon request, shall provide services to a petitioner in a proceeding under this chapter. 2. A support enforcement agency of this state that is providing services to the petitioner shall: a. Take all steps necessary to enable an appro…

1. If the attorney general determines that the support enforcement agency is neglecting or refusing to provide services to an individual, the attorney general may order the agency to perform its duties under this chapter or may provide those services directly to the individual. 2…

An individual may employ private counsel to represent the individual in proceedings authorized by this chapter.

1. The department of health and human services is the state information agency under this chapter. 2. The state information agency shall: a. Compile and maintain a current list, including addresses, of the tribunals in this state which have jurisdiction under this chapter and any…

1. In a proceeding under this chapter, a petitioner seeking to establish a support order, to determine parentage, or to register and modify a support order of a tribunal of another state or foreign country must file a petition. Unless otherwise ordered under section 14-12.2-24, t…

If a party alleges in an affidavit or a pleading under oath that the health, safety, or liberty of a party or child would be jeopardized by disclosure of specific identifying information, that information must be sealed and may not be disclosed to the other party or the public. A…

1. The petitioner may not be required to pay a filing fee or other costs. 2. If an obligee prevails, a responding tribunal of this state may assess against an obligor filing fees, reasonable attorney's fees, other costs, and necessary travel and other reasonable expenses incurred…

1. Participation by a petitioner in a proceeding under this chapter before a responding tribunal, whether in person, by private attorney, or through services provided by the support enforcement agency, does not confer personal jurisdiction over the petitioner in another proceedin…

A party whose parentage of a child has been previously determined by or pursuant to law may not plead nonparentage as a defense to a proceeding under this chapter.