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6 chapters · 69 sections in this title.
Va. Code Ann. § 8.3A-201 Negotiation
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(a) "Negotiation" means a transfer of possession, whether voluntary or involuntary, of an instrument by a person other than the issuer to a person who thereby becomes its holder. (b) Except for negotiation by a remitter, if an instrument is payable to an identified person, negoti…
Va. Code Ann. § 8.3A-202 Negotiation subject to rescission
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(a) Negotiation is effective even if obtained (i) from an infant, a corporation exceeding its powers, or a person without capacity, (ii) by fraud, duress, or mistake, or (iii) in breach of duty or as part of an illegal transaction. (b) To the extent permitted by other law, negoti…
Va. Code Ann. § 8.3A-203 Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer
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(a) An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to enforce the instrument. (b) Transfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation, vests in the transf…
Va. Code Ann. § 8.3A-204 Endorsement
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(a) "Endorsement" means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on an instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii) restricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring endo…