Producer
Glencore (Copper)
Third-largest copper miner globally; operates Collahuasi (44% stake, Chile), Antapaccay (Peru), Alumbrera (Argentina), and Katanga (DRC). Also major copper trader. Copper production 954,400 MT in 2024.
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Did you know2024
Glencore's Katanga Mining Complex (KCC) and Mutanda mine in the Kolwezi district of the Democratic Republic of Congo produce cobalt as a co-product from the same stratiform copper-cobalt ore body. Glencore produces approximately 35-40% of the world's mined cobalt — the critical cathode material for NMC (lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide) and NCA batteries in EVs. The same mine, the same processing plant, and the same DRC infrastructure that produces Glencore's copper cathode also produces the cobalt hydroxide that goes to battery cathode precursor manufacturers (CNGR, Huayou Cobalt, Umicore) and ultimately into EV battery cells. Glencore simultaneously supplies copper (for EV wiring, motors, and charging infrastructure) and cobalt (for EV battery cathodes) from the same DRC operations — meaning a single geopolitical, operational, or infrastructure event in Kolwezi affects both critical minerals supply chains for electric vehicle manufacturing at the same time.
Glencore plc ↗Origin2024
Glencore traces its origins to Marc Rich & Co AG, the commodity trading firm founded in Geneva, Switzerland by Marc Rich — a US citizen who fled to Switzerland in 1983 after being indicted by the US government on 65 criminal counts including racketeering, tax evasion, and illegally trading oil with Iran during the hostage crisis. Rich built a global commodity empire from Swiss exile, trading oil, metals, and grains across political embargoes. In 1994, Rich's management team executed a management buyout and renamed the firm Glencore International AG. Bill Clinton controversially pardoned Rich in January 2001 (the last day of Clinton's presidency, after Rich's ex-wife Denise Rich made substantial donations to the Clinton Library and Democratic campaigns). Glencore IPO'd in London in 2011 as the largest IPO in London Stock Exchange history at the time, and today has a ~$60B market cap. The world's largest cobalt and copper trading company — a critical supplier for EV battery supply chains — was founded by a tax-evading commodities fugitive who built his empire trading with sanctioned regimes.
Glencore plc ↗