Producer
Hsikwangshan Twinkling Star Co., Ltd.
State-controlled Chinese antimony miner and smelter headquartered in Lengshuijiang, Hunan; operates the Hsikwangshan mine complex — the world's largest antimony deposit, mined continuously since the 1890s; produces approximately 25% of global antimony supply; fully integrated from ore to antimony trioxide; key supplier to Chinese flame retardant, semiconductor, and ammunition industries
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Antimony Mining (Hsikwangshan)
40%Antimony Metal & Alloys
35%Antimony Trioxide (Sb2O3)
25%
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Did you know2024
Antimony trioxide from Hsikwangshan is used simultaneously in: children's sleepwear (fire retardant synergist with halogenated compounds), circuit boards in smartphones and computers (PCB flame retardant), lead-antimony alloy battery grids in car batteries and backup power systems, and tracer ammunition projectile compositions (antimony sulfide in tracer igniter mix). The same Chinese mine and smelter supplies the flame retardant in a baby's pajamas, the fire protection in a laptop PCB, the battery grid in a US Army vehicle's starting battery, and the tracer composition that makes a .50 caliber bullet visible in flight. When China imposed September 2024 antimony export controls, all four industries faced simultaneous supply restriction -- children's clothing manufacturers, electronics OEMs, battery manufacturers, and defense ammunition producers all competed for the same constrained antimony output from the same Hunan Province deposit.
Reuters ↗Origin2023
Hsikwangshan mine in Lengshuijiang, Hunan Province has been mined for antimony continuously since the 1890s during the late Qing Dynasty, making it one of the longest continuously operated metal mines in China. The deposit -- by far the world's largest known antimony orebody -- was first exploited by Qing-era merchants and later by foreign concessions before Chinese ownership was consolidated. Hsikwangshan Twinkling Star (Xikuangshan Min Xing) is the state-controlled enterprise that now operates this historic mine, producing approximately 25% of global antimony supply. In September 2024, China imposed export controls on antimony and antimony compounds, explicitly citing 'national security' reasons -- the same policy language used for gallium and germanium controls in 2023. The export controls caused antimony prices to nearly triple in 90 days as Western buyers scrambled for alternative supply, demonstrating that a single Chinese mine complex can effectively control global pricing for a critical mineral.
Mindat.org ↗