Producer
PBF Energy
One of the largest independent petroleum refiners in the US, operating six refineries with ~1 million bpd combined capacity. Its East Coast refineries — Delaware City, DE (180,000 bpd) and Paulsboro, NJ (180,000 bpd) — are among the last significant refineries serving the Northeast heating oil market directly.
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Inputs supplied
2
Goods downstream
2
Facilities
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Stories
What they make
2 inputs PBF Energy supplies
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Goods downstream
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Where they make it
2 facilities
Delaware City Refinery →
USDelaware · refinery
180,000 bpd capacity, Nelson Complexity Index 13.6. One of the largest and most complex refineries on the US East Coast. Major producer of heating oil for the Northeast market. Receives crude by marine tanker via Delaware River.
Paulsboro Refinery →
USNew Jersey · refinery
180,000 bpd capacity, Nelson Complexity Index 13.2. Produces gasoline, heating oil, aviation jet fuel, and is the largest asphalt producer on the East Coast. Located on Delaware River, receives crude by marine tanker.
What else they do
Business segments
The company's full revenue map — where this supply-chain role fits within their broader business.
East Coast Refining (Delaware City + Paulsboro)
35%Gulf Coast & West Coast Refining
40%Logistics (PBF Logistics LP)
25%
Intelligence
What's known
Sourced claims about this company's role in supply chains — chokepoints, concentration, incidents, dual-use connections.
Did you know2023
PBF Energy's Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units — which crack heavy crude oil fractions into gasoline — use catalyst formulations containing lanthanum oxide. FCC catalysts are zeolite-based (Y-type zeolite) with lanthanum added to stabilize the zeolite framework at cracking temperatures (~530C), improving gasoline yield and catalyst longevity. The same Chinese rare earth export controls that targeted NdPr in April 2025 for EV motor magnets also affected lanthanum — a light rare earth produced at the same Bayan Obo mine and processed in the same Baotou rare earth hub as NdPr. Lanthanum is not as strategically prominent in export control discussions as NdPr, but it is consumed in large quantities by US petroleum refineries for FCC catalyst make-up. PBF Energy, as one of the largest US independent refiners by FCC capacity, is structurally exposed to Chinese lanthanum supply alongside the EV and wind turbine supply chains more commonly cited in rare earth geopolitical analysis. The April 2025 controls created a simultaneous supply risk for automotive EV magnets AND US petroleum refinery catalysts from the same geographic source.
W. R. Grace & Co. ↗Origin2023
PBF Energy was founded in 2008 — specifically in the window between Lehman Brothers' collapse and the broader financial crisis — by a private equity consortium (Blackstone) that acquired distressed refinery assets from sellers who needed to divest capacity. The founding management team (Tom O'Malley and partners) were veterans of multiple refinery turnaround plays: Giant Industries, Premcor, and Frontier Oil acquisitions. The 2008-2010 window represented a rare opportunity to acquire US refinery capacity at distressed prices as large integrated oil companies (ExxonMobil, Sunoco, Valero) divested East Coast refinery assets that were operationally sound but no longer strategic to their portfolios. PBF acquired Delaware City (from Valero), Paulsboro (from Sunoco), and Chalmette (from ExxonMobil/Shell JV) in this window. The company went public in 2012. The playbook — acquire structurally important but operationally distressed refinery assets from integrated majors during credit stress — created a refining portfolio with significant regional market concentration.
PBF Energy Inc. ↗