Producer
Xiangtan Electrochemical
China's largest and the world's largest producer of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD). Founded 1958. Annual EMD capacity of 110,000 tonnes (~25% of global supply). Operates plants in Xiangtan, Hunan and Jingxi, Guangxi. Core supplier to global alkaline battery manufacturers.
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Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) — World #1
80%Battery Materials (Li-Battery Manganese)
15%Industrial Manganese Products
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Did you know2023
Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) is the cathode material in every alkaline battery manufactured globally — the active ingredient that reacts with zinc to produce the 1.5V cell voltage in a Duracell or Energizer AA battery. Xiangtan Electrochemical produces ~25% of global EMD; China collectively produces ~70-80% of global EMD supply. The US alkaline battery industry (Duracell at LaGrange GA, Energizer at multiple US plants) sources EMD overwhelmingly from China — there is no significant US or Western domestic EMD production capacity. If China applied export controls to EMD comparable to the April 2025 rare earth controls, US alkaline battery production would face supply disruption within months (typical EMD inventory turns are 3-6 months). EMD is also the manganese precursor for NMC (nickel manganese cobalt) lithium battery cathodes — so the same Chinese production concentration that creates alkaline battery supply risk also creates EV battery cathode supply risk. The Xiangtan, Hunan EMD plant is a shared upstream chokepoint for disposable household batteries AND electric vehicle lithium batteries.
U.S. Geological Survey ↗Origin2024
Xiangtan Electrochemical was the company that in 1964 independently developed the first tonne of EMD ever produced in China, ending China's dependence on imported EMD for dry cell batteries. This state-linked company is now the world's single largest EMD producer, with capacity roughly equal to all non-Chinese producers combined.
Xiangtan Electrochemical Technology Co., Ltd. ↗