Koch Fertilizer / Koch Ag & Energy Solutions
HQ US10% share
Nitrogen fertilizer arm of privately held Koch Industries; one of the largest U.S. anhydrous ammonia and urea producers (Enid OK, Dodge City KS, Beatrice NE plants).
chemical · input
Ammonia Refrigerant (R-717)
Anhydrous ammonia used as industrial refrigerant in large cold storage warehouses and blast freezers. Natural refrigerant with near-zero GWP; used in 95%+ of large cold storage facilities globally.
9
Source countries
5
Companies
1
Goods affected
0
Claims on record
What depends on it
Goods that need this input
1 essential American goods rely on ammonia refrigerant (r-717) somewhere upstream in their supply chain.
Where it comes from
Source countries
Share of global supply, by country.
| Country | Share of supply |
|---|---|
| CACanada | 62% |
| CNChina | 32% |
| TTTrinidad and Tobago | 31% |
| RURussia | 10% |
| USUnited States | 9% |
| QAQatar | 2% |
| EGEgypt | 1% |
| SGSingapore | 1% |
| DZAlgeria | 1% |
Who makes it
Supplier companies
5 companies produce ammonia refrigerant (r-717).
CF Industries Holdings(CF)
HQ US7% share
One of the world's largest ammonia producers; Donaldsonville Complex (Louisiana) is the world's largest single ammonia production complex — 4.335M MT/year capacity, 6 plants on 1,400 acres along the Mississippi River. Produced 9.8M MT gross ammonia in 2024 across all facilities. Also operates plants in Iowa, Louisiana, Courtright (Ontario Canada), Ince (UK), Billingham (UK). Added CO2 capture at Donaldsonville (2025) enabling ~1.9M MT/year 'low-carbon ammonia' for export to Japan/Korea. Joint venture with JERA + Mitsui for $4B 'blue ammonia' plant in Louisiana.
LSB Industries, Inc.(LXU)
HQ US5% share
U.S. nitrogen products maker (anhydrous ammonia, UAN, nitric acid) from El Dorado AR, Cherokee AL and Pryor OK plants; supplies industrial and refrigerant-grade ammonia.
Nutrien Ltd.(NTR)
HQ CA3% share
World's largest potash producer with 6 Saskatchewan mines. Vanscoy mine (west of Saskatoon) uses solution mining technology — fresh water drawn from the Saskatchewan River (~20km pipeline) is used in brine management. Deep subsurface saline aquifer brine injection used for waste disposal at Vanscoy (injected into Winnipeg/Deadwood Formations at 1,500-1,700m depth). Conventional underground mines at Rocanville, Allan, Lanigan, Cory, Belle Plaine also produce waste brine requiring aquifer disposal. Nutrien operates Canada's only solution potash mine at Vanscoy. Plans to reach 18M MT/year Saskatchewan capacity.
Yara International ASA(YAR)
HQ NO
World's largest ammonia distributor via Yara Clean Ammonia; >15% global ammonia market share. Produces and trades ~17-18M MT of ammonia and nitrogen fertilizers annually. Revenue $13.9B in 2024. Plants across Norway (Herøya/Porsgrunn: 500,000 MT/yr), Germany (Brunsbüttel: 800,000 MT/yr), Australia (Pilbara: 850,000 MT/yr, ~5% of world merchant ammonia supply), and 15+ other countries. Also the world's largest multi-nutrient fertilizer producer in Western Europe. Pivoting to green ammonia: started Europe's largest electrolyzer at Herøya (Norway) in 2024 for renewable hydrogen/ammonia. Yara Clean Ammonia is positioning to supply ammonia as marine fuel.