mineral · input
Carbon anode material for Hall-Héroult electrolysis. Green petcoke (crude oil coking byproduct) calcined at 1300–1500°C. Quality is critical: sulfur >2%, vanadium >100 ppm, or nickel >50 ppm causes anode failures. Quality declining as refineries shift from sweet to sour (high-sulfur) crude.
5
Source countries
6
Companies
1
Goods affected
0
Claims on record
What depends on it
1 essential American goods rely on calcined petroleum coke (cpc) — aluminum anodes somewhere upstream in their supply chain.
Where it comes from
Share of global supply, by country.
| Country | Share of supply |
|---|---|
| CNChina | 45% |
| USUnited States | 18% |
| INIndia | 8% |
| RURussia | 7% |
| SASaudi Arabia | 7% |
Who makes it
6 companies produce calcined petroleum coke (cpc) — aluminum anodes.
Largest independent calcined petroleum coke (CPC) producer globally; ~25% global market share; part of Rain Industries (India); operates calcining plants in the US (New Orleans, Chalmette LA), Europe, and India; buys green petcoke from Gulf Coast refineries and exports CPC to aluminum smelters worldwide
Major calcined petroleum coke producer and trader (~18% global market share); part of Koch Industries (William Koch's company, not Charles/David Koch's Koch Industries); operates calcining facilities in Texas and globally; major US petcoke exporter and supplier to international aluminum smelters
Leading global petcoke trading intermediary and calciner; Rain CII Carbon (US subsidiary) is the largest single recipient of Indian GPC import quotas (462,589t in FY2025-26); operates calciners in US, India, Belgium, and Russia; sources green petcoke from Gulf Coast refineries.
US refining, midstream, chemicals, and marketing company (NYSE: PSX, HQ Houston TX); spun off from ConocoPhillips in 2012. Gulf Coast facilities: Sweeny TX (247,000 bpd) and Lake Charles LA (255,000 bpd). Phillips 66 Partners LP (midstream MLP) owns pipelines and terminals feeding crude to its refineries, including the Gray Oak Pipeline (Permian Basin crude to Texas Gulf Coast) and Liberty Pipeline (Rockies crude). The Sweeny refinery includes an 835,000 bpd fractionation hub that also processes NGL from shale formations — same facility handles both crude refining and NGL processing.
UAE state-controlled aluminum company (majority owned by ADQ and Mubadala); world's largest "premium" aluminum producer; operates Al Taweelah integrated aluminum complex including in-house calcining facility; also develops Guinea Alumina Corporation bauxite mine (until license revoked 2024-2025)
Rio Tinto bauxite and alumina subsidiary; operates Weipa (Queensland, ~34 Mt/yr) and Amrun (Queensland, ~23 Mt/yr) bauxite mines — among the world's largest; also holds Guinea bauxite concessions through CBG JV (Halco); supplies Yarwun and Queensland Alumina Ltd refineries
