chemical · input

EUV/ArF Semiconductor Photoresists

Light-sensitive chemical coatings that define circuit patterns during lithography. Japanese companies (JSR, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo, Shin-Etsu Chemical) control 80–91% of the global photoresist market and 90–95% of advanced EUV photoresists. China is effectively locked out of EUV formulations via Japanese export controls.

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Source countries

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Companies

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Goods affected

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Claims on record

Where it comes from

Source countries

Share of global supply, by country.

CountryShare of supply
JPJapan88%
USUnited States7%
DEGermany3%

Who makes it

Supplier companies

4 companies produce euv/arf semiconductor photoresists.

JSR Corporation

HQ JP35% share

JSR Corporation (Tokyo; formerly JASDAQ/TSE: 4185; now private after delisting following Japan Investment Corporation nationalization in 2023) is Japan's leading life science materials company and manufacturer of Amsphere A3 Protein A affinity resin — one of the fastest-growing Protein A resin brands. JSR's Amsphere A3 uses a novel polymer bead architecture (highly cross-linked polymethacrylate) with proprietary recombinant Protein A ligand — designed for high dynamic binding capacity and long resin lifetime. In April 2023, the Japanese government's sovereign industrial fund INCJ (Innovation Network Corporation of Japan, now JIC) acquired a majority stake in JSR Corporation and took it private — an extraordinary step justified by JSR's dual strategic importance in semiconductor photoresists (JSR is the world's #2 photoresist producer, supplying TSMC and Samsung) and bioprocess materials (Amsphere A3). Japan explicitly nationalized JSR to prevent acquisition by non-Japanese parties and to secure domestic control of critical semiconductor and bioprocess supply chains — a template for strategic industry policy that no other major economy had applied to a life science materials company.

Tokyo Ohka Kogyo (TOK)(4186.T)

HQ JP25% share

Japan's second-largest photoresist manufacturer (~25% global market share). Produces ArF immersion and EUV photoresists critical for advanced DRAM/NAND patterning. Investing in new photoresist production for 2nm chips alongside JSR. JSR government acquisition and TOK expansion represent Japan's strategic lockdown of this sector.

Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Silicones Division)

HQ JP20% share

Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; TSE: 4063; ~¥2.1T revenue; ~$14B) is the world's largest PVC resin producer and one of its top two or three silicone producers globally, with approximately 15-20% global silicone market share. Shin-Etsu's silicones division produces KF-96 series dimethicone fluids (5 to 100,000 cSt viscosities) that are widely used in personal care formulations across Asia and globally — KF-96 is one of the most recognized cosmetic-grade dimethicone references in personal care ingredient databases. Primary silicone manufacturing is at Naoetsu, Niigata Prefecture (Japan Sea coast) and Gunma Prefecture plants. Shin-Etsu Chemical's enormous scale in both PVC and silicones makes it unique: the company produces chloromethane (methyl chloride) — the key Müller-Rochow process reagent — from its chlor-alkali operations, giving it vertical integration from chlorine production through dimethicone. Shin-Etsu also produces EUV photoresists, making it a supplier to both haircare formulators and TSMC's 3nm fab within the same corporate entity.

Merck KGaA Life Science (MilliporeSigma)(MRK.DE)

HQ DE15% share