manufactured · input
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery systems used for grid-scale energy storage (4-hour discharge duration typical). CATL and BYD produce >70% of global LFP cells. US utilities face NDAA Section 889 restrictions on CATL/BYD batteries for federal projects, driving demand for non-Chinese alternatives that are 40–60% more expensive. US grid-scale storage capacity expanded 5x between 2021–2024, nearly all using Chinese-supplied LFP cells.
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Source countries
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Companies
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Goods affected
0
Claims on record
What depends on it
1 essential American goods rely on grid-scale battery storage (lfp lithium iron phosphate) somewhere upstream in their supply chain.
Where it comes from
Share of global supply, by country.
| Country | Share of supply |
|---|---|
| CNChina | 73% |
| KRSouth Korea | 10% |
| USUnited States | 8% |
Who makes it
4 companies produce grid-scale battery storage (lfp lithium iron phosphate).
World's largest EV and grid storage battery maker. 45% share of Chinese EV battery market in 2024; dominant LFP grid storage manufacturer. Has US supply relationships via Ford, BMW; building factory in Michigan via LRS JV (subject to political uncertainty).
World's largest EV manufacturer and second-largest battery producer. BYD's Fudi Battery subsidiary manufactures LFP cells, including the 'Blade Battery' prismatic LFP cell used in EVs and increasingly in grid storage. 2024: 153.7 GWh deployed (17.2% global EV battery share). Major facilities in Huizhou (Guangdong) and multiple inland China cities.
LFP-focused battery manufacturer headquartered in Hefei, Anhui Province. Approximately 26.5% owned by Volkswagen AG. Makes LFP cells for both EVs and grid storage. Chinese government partial subsidization acknowledged in a FARA filing. Planned $2B Michigan (US) battery plant stalled by national security concerns and local political opposition as of 2025.
LG Energy Solution, Ltd. (Seoul; KRX: 373220; ~KRW 25T revenue; spun off from LG Chem in 2020, IPO 2022) is one of the world's largest lithium-ion battery manufacturers with ~10% of the global consumer electronics LCO cell market. LGES produces LCO pouch cells at Ochang, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea and at Nanjing, China. Consumer electronics customers include LG Electronics (flagship G and V series smartphones, now discontinued), Google Pixel phones, and various laptop OEMs. LGES is primarily known for its EV battery business (NMC/NCMA cells for GM Ultium, Stellantis, Volkswagen, Honda) — its consumer electronics cell business is smaller and shrinking as the company prioritizes high-margin EV contracts. LGES operates a joint venture with GM (Ultium Cells LLC) building four US battery gigafactories.
