manufactured · input

Type I Borosilicate Glass Vials

Required primary packaging for ophthalmic injectables (fluorescein sodium injection, BSS irrigation). Market duopoly: Schott AG and Gerresheimer AG. Global shortage H2 2020–2021 during COVID vaccine surge prompted $1.2B Schott expansion completed Jan 2025.

3

Source countries

3

Companies

1

Goods affected

0

Claims on record

What depends on it

Goods that need this input

1 essential American goods rely on type i borosilicate glass vials somewhere upstream in their supply chain.

Where it comes from

Source countries

Share of global supply, by country.

CountryShare of supply
DEGermany50%
ITItaly15%
INIndia10%

Who makes it

Supplier companies

3 companies produce type i borosilicate glass vials.

SCHOTT AG

HQ DE38% share

German glass technology company (HQ Mainz); one of the most unusual corporate structures in global manufacturing: SCHOTT AG is 100% owned by the Ernst-Abbe Stiftung — a non-profit foundation established by optical pioneer Ernst Abbe in Jena, 1889. The foundation channels profits to employee welfare and scientific research. SCHOTT invented CERAN® glass-ceramic cooktop panels in 1971; has sold over 200 million units; estimates 55% of global qualified glass-ceramic cooktop market. ALL CERAN glass is melted at the Mainz, Germany facility using a proprietary controlled crystallization process that converts lithium aluminosilicate glass into the distinctive black glass-ceramic. SCHOTT also produces: ZEISS optical glass (same Jena/Schott historical partnership), pharmaceutical glass vials and syringes (world's largest producer), mirror blanks for the James Webb Space Telescope, and specialty glass for nuclear waste storage. A foundation-owned German company with no shareholders has ~55% of the global induction and electric cooktop glass market and also makes the largest telescope mirrors ever built.

Gerresheimer AG(GXI)

HQ DE32% share

German pharma packaging specialist; ~30–35% global pharma glass packaging alongside Schott; acquired Bormioli Pharma Dec 2024; also produces LDPE ophthalmic dropper bottles (System A).

Stevanato Group S.p.A.

HQ IT15% share

Italian pharmaceutical glass packaging company (NYSE: STVN since June 2021 IPO; family-owned by Stevanato family; ~€800M revenue 2023); headquartered in Piombino Dese, Veneto, Italy. Stevanato is the world's second-largest pharmaceutical glass primary packaging manufacturer and the largest independent vial converter — buying borosilicate glass tubing from SCHOTT and converting it to finished pharmaceutical vials, syringes, and cartridges. Also manufactures the vial-forming machines used in vial conversion (through subsidiary Spami). Stevanato's Piombino Dese campus is one of the highest-capacity pharmaceutical glass vial conversion sites in Europe. Major supplier to COVID-19 vaccine programs. Expanding Fishers, Indiana (US) greenfield glass/plastic hybrid plant (opening 2025) for North American market.