manufactured · input
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) hollow fiber membranes used in hemodialysis dialyzers as an adsorptive membrane. Unlike polysulfone (diffusion/convection only), PMMA membranes physically adsorb cytokines, beta-2 microglobulin, and protein-bound uremic toxins onto the fiber surface. PMMA is typically used for dialysis of patients with inflammatory conditions, sepsis, or high cytokine states. Toray Medical (Toray Industries subsidiary) is the only commercial manufacturer of PMMA hollow fiber dialyzer membranes globally — a monopoly on adsorptive dialysis technology. PMMA (also known as Plexiglas, acrylic glass) is a commodity plastic optical material repurposed through advanced hollow fiber spinning for medical membrane applications.
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Source countries
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Companies
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Goods affected
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Claims on record
What depends on it
1 essential American goods rely on pmma hollow fiber dialyzer membrane (adsorptive) somewhere upstream in their supply chain.
Where it comes from
Share of global supply, by country.
| Country | Share of supply |
|---|---|
| JPJapan | 100% |
Who makes it
3 companies produce pmma hollow fiber dialyzer membrane (adsorptive).
Tokyo-based subsidiary of Toray Industries that manufactures the Filtryzer line of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) dialyzer membranes — the only commercially available adsorptive dialyzer membrane globally. Filtryzer adsorbs middle-molecular-weight uremic toxins and cytokines rather than filtering by convection/diffusion alone, offering a differentiated clinical benefit unavailable in PSU or CTA dialyzers.
World's largest integrated dialysis company — operates 4,000+ clinics AND manufactures dialysis products. Produces >50 million dialyzers/year (~43% global share). Products: FX series (Helixone polysulfone), GranuFlo/NaturaLyte concentrates. Unique dual position as both the world's largest dialyzer maker and the world's largest buyer of its own dialyzers through its clinic operations.
Japanese diversified medical device and pharmaceutical packaging company (TYO: 8086; ~¥500B revenue); headquartered in Osaka. Nipro is the largest pharmaceutical glass vial manufacturer in Japan and a major global supplier, holding an estimated 10-15% of global pharmaceutical glass vial market share. Nipro's pharma glass operations span borosilicate vial production (Nipro Pharma Corporation subsidiary) and medical device manufacturing. Nipro is one of the few manufacturers with both pharmaceutical glass tubing drawing capability AND vial conversion capacity in-house — a vertical integration comparable to SCHOTT Pharma. Major supplier to Japanese domestic pharmaceutical manufacturers; growing export market in Asia, India, and emerging markets. Also the world's largest manufacturer of hemodialysis equipment and supplies.
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