pharmaceutical · input
Liposomal adjuvant containing QS-21 (Quillaia bark saponin) + MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A). GSK is sole manufacturer; used in Shingrix (herpes zoster) and RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine. QS-21 must be harvested from Quillaia bark in Chile/Peru; no synthetic alternative at scale.
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Source countries
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Companies
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Goods affected
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Claims on record
What depends on it
1 essential American goods rely on as01b adjuvant system (gsk proprietary) somewhere upstream in their supply chain.
Who makes it
4 companies produce as01b adjuvant system (gsk proprietary).
UK pharmaceutical company; sole manufacturer and formulator of AS01B adjuvant system (QS-21 + MPL in liposomes); used in Shingrix (herpes zoster vaccine, $4B+ annual revenue) and RTS,S/Mosquirix (malaria vaccine); retaining AS01E adjuvant supply even as malaria vaccine manufacturing transfers to Bharat Biotech
San Diego-based producer of quillaja and yucca saponin extracts; operates Natural Response S.A. forestry and extraction facility in Quilpue, Chile; world's largest producer of QS-21 raw material; critical components in 5 globally approved vaccines including Shingrix (GSK) and Nuvaxovid (Novavax); Desert King is Novavax's sole quillay extract supplier
Lexington MA biopharma; original developer and sole US FDA-approved manufacturer of pharmaceutical-grade QS-21 adjuvant; licensed QS-21 exclusively to GSK for use in AS01-adjuvanted human vaccines including Shingrix and RTS,S malaria vaccine
World's largest cell-based influenza vaccine manufacturer; Holly Springs, NC facility produces 150 million flu doses/year and is US government-designated pandemic-ready. Also sole producer of MF59 adjuvant used in pandemic flu and aging-population flu vaccines.
