manufactured · input
EV and PHEV traction battery cells; CATL (China) is largest global supplier (~37% market share); US OEMs increasingly building domestic cell manufacturing but remain dependent on Chinese cathode and anode materials; cell chemistry: NMC, LFP, or NCA
5
Source countries
6
Companies
1
Goods affected
0
Claims on record
What depends on it
1 essential American goods rely on lithium-ion battery cells (prismatic, cylindrical, pouch) somewhere upstream in their supply chain.
Where it comes from
Share of global supply, by country.
| Country | Share of supply |
|---|---|
| CNChina | 73% |
| KRSouth Korea | 14% |
| JPJapan | 7% |
| USUnited States | 3% |
| SESweden | 1% |
Who makes it
6 companies produce lithium-ion battery cells (prismatic, cylindrical, pouch).
World's largest EV and grid storage battery maker. 45% share of Chinese EV battery market in 2024; dominant LFP grid storage manufacturer. Has US supply relationships via Ford, BMW; building factory in Michigan via LRS JV (subject to political uncertainty).
World's largest EV manufacturer and second-largest battery producer. BYD's Fudi Battery subsidiary manufactures LFP cells, including the 'Blade Battery' prismatic LFP cell used in EVs and increasingly in grid storage. 2024: 153.7 GWh deployed (17.2% global EV battery share). Major facilities in Huizhou (Guangdong) and multiple inland China cities.
LG Energy Solution, Ltd. (Seoul; KRX: 373220; ~KRW 25T revenue; spun off from LG Chem in 2020, IPO 2022) is one of the world's largest lithium-ion battery manufacturers with ~10% of the global consumer electronics LCO cell market. LGES produces LCO pouch cells at Ochang, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea and at Nanjing, China. Consumer electronics customers include LG Electronics (flagship G and V series smartphones, now discontinued), Google Pixel phones, and various laptop OEMs. LGES is primarily known for its EV battery business (NMC/NCMA cells for GM Ultium, Stellantis, Volkswagen, Honda) — its consumer electronics cell business is smaller and shrinking as the company prioritizes high-margin EV contracts. LGES operates a joint venture with GM (Ultium Cells LLC) building four US battery gigafactories.
Panasonic Energy Co., Ltd. (Osaka; subsidiary of Panasonic Holdings; TYO: 6752) manufactures cylindrical, prismatic, and thin lithium-ion cells. In the consumer electronics LCO segment, Panasonic holds approximately 5-7% global market share, primarily supplying laptop and tablet manufacturers including Panasonic's own TOUGHBOOK line. Panasonic's largest battery operation is its EV cylindrical cell joint venture with Tesla (Panasonic Energy of North America; Sparks, Nevada gigafactory) — but this produces NCA (nickel cobalt aluminum) cells for Tesla rather than LCO. Panasonic Energy's Kasai, Hyogo Prefecture Japan facility handles consumer LCO cell production. Panasonic Energy was spun off from the Panasonic Group battery operations as a separate entity in 2022 to enable more agile decision-making.
Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; KRX: 006400; ~KRW 20T revenue) is the battery manufacturing arm of the Samsung Group, producing cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch lithium-ion cells for consumer electronics (smartphones, laptops, tablets), power tools, and electric vehicles. In the consumer electronics LCO cell segment, Samsung SDI holds approximately 15-18% global market share. Samsung SDI manufactures LCO pouch cells at its Tianjin, China facility (primarily for smartphone applications) and cylindrical cells at Cheonan, South Korea. Samsung SDI is a co-supplier of Apple iPhone battery cells alongside ATL — Apple's dual-sourcing strategy for iPhones is the most sophisticated single-input procurement program in consumer electronics. Samsung SDI's EV battery business (NMC prismatic cells for BMW iX, Rivian, Stellantis) is growing faster than its consumer electronics segment.
South Korean EV battery cell maker; subsidiary of SK Innovation (SK Group). JV partner with Ford Motor Company (BlueOval SK, Glendale KY and Stanton TN) and Hyundai Motor. KRX-listed parent. SK On is one of the "Big 3" Korean battery makers along with LG Energy Solution and Samsung SDI. SK On was carved out of SK Innovation in 2021 to attract outside investment for US gigafactory buildout under IRA incentives.
