§945 — Title 10 Armed Forces | U.S. Code

Summary

If you finish a term as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and leave civilian federal service, you can get a special annuity. If you stay on as a senior judge, you are treated as still in service until that service ends. To get this annuity you must choose it instead of any other federal civilian retirement annuity you might have. That choice cannot be changed. The Secretary of Defense tells the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) when such a choice is made. OPM figures the person’s lump‑sum credit and asks the Treasury to move that amount from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund into the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund. Interest is figured using the rates in 5 U.S.C. 8334(e)(3), and the five‑year service rule does not remove interest. The annuity equals 80 percent of the pay rate for an active judge on that court at the time you leave. Joining or keeping money in the Thrift Savings Plan is not affected. Payments come from the DoD Military Retirement Fund. The Secretary of Defense must create a survivor and former‑spouse annuity program like other federal systems. The program can let a judge reduce his or her annuity to provide survivor benefits. Choosing the annuity under this rule ends any survivor rights others might have under other civilian systems (with one retirement exception). The Secretary must also give cost‑of‑living increases like other federal plans. If a person who already gets this annuity later becomes a United States judge or justice for life and then retires, that person must choose at retirement to keep this annuity or take the annuity or salary from the new judicial service; that choice cannot be changed and cancels prior survivor elections. Finally, someone who had Civil Service Retirement System service before becoming such a judge may be allowed to make the special FERS election under section 301(a)(2) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Act of 1986 as if they were reemployed, subject to the conditions in section 301(d).

Title 10, §945

Armed Forces — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)A person who has completed a term of service for which he was appointed as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces is eligible for an annuity under this section upon separation from civilian service in the Federal Government. A person who continues service with the court as a senior judge under section 942(e)(1)(B) of this title (article 142(e)(1)(B)) upon the expiration of the judge’s term shall be considered to have been separated from civilian service in the Federal Government only upon the termination of that continuous service.

(2)A person who is eligible for an annuity under this section shall be paid that annuity if, at the time he becomes eligible to receive that annuity, he elects to receive that annuity in lieu of any other annuity for which he may be eligible at the time of such election (whether an immediate or a deferred annuity) under subchapter III of chapter 83 or subchapter II of chapter 84 of title 5 or any other retirement system for civilian employees of the Federal Government. Such an election may not be revoked.

(3)(A)The Secretary of Defense shall notify the Director of the Office of Personnel Management whenever an election under paragraph (2) is made affecting any right or interest under subchapter III of chapter 83 or subchapter II of chapter 84 of title 5 based on service as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.

(B)Upon receiving any notification under subparagraph (A) in the case of a person making an election under paragraph (2), the Director shall determine the amount of the person’s lump-sum credit under subchapter III of chapter 83 or subchapter II of chapter 84 of title 5, as applicable, and shall request the Secretary of the Treasury to transfer such amount from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund to the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund. The Secretary of the Treasury shall make any transfer so requested.

(C)In determining the amount of a lump-sum credit under section 8331(8) of title 5 for purposes of this paragraph—

(i)interest shall be computed using the rates under section 8334(e)(3) of such title; and

(ii)the completion of 5 years of civilian service (or longer) shall not be a basis for excluding interest.

(b)The annuity payable under this section to a person who makes an election under subsection (a)(2) is 80 percent of the rate of pay for a judge in active service on the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces as of the date on which the person is separated from civilian service.

(c)Nothing in this section affects any right of any person to participate in the thrift savings plan under section 8351 of title 5 or subchapter III of chapter 84 of such title.

(d)The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe by regulation a program to provide annuities for survivors and former spouses of persons receiving annuities under this section by reason of elections made by such persons under subsection (a)(2). That program shall, to the maximum extent practicable, provide benefits and establish terms and conditions that are similar to those provided under survivor and former spouse annuity programs under other retirement systems for civilian employees of the Federal Government. The program may include provisions for the reduction in the annuity paid the person as a condition for the survivor annuity. An election by a judge (including a senior judge) or former judge to receive an annuity under this section terminates any right or interest which any other individual may have to a survivor annuity under any other retirement system for civilian employees of the Federal Government based on the service of that judge or former judge as a civilian officer or employee of the Federal Government (except with respect to an election under subsection (f)(1)(B)).

(e)The Secretary of Defense shall periodically increase annuities and survivor annuities paid under this section in order to take account of changes in the cost of living. The Secretary shall prescribe by regulation procedures for increases in annuities under this section. Such system shall, to the maximum extent appropriate, provide cost-of-living adjustments that are similar to those that are provided under other retirement systems for civilian employees of the Federal Government.

(f)(1)A person who is receiving an annuity under this section by reason of service as a judge of the court and who later is appointed as a justice or judge of the United States to hold office during good behavior and who retires from that office, or from regular active service in that office, shall be paid either (A) the annuity under this section, or (B) the annuity or salary to which he is entitled by reason of his service as such a justice or judge of the United States, as determined by an election by that person at the time of his retirement from the office, or from regular active service in the office, of justice or judge of the United States. Such an election may not be revoked.

(2)An election by a person to be paid an annuity or salary pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) terminates (A) any election previously made by such person to provide a survivor annuity pursuant to subsection (d), and (B) any right of any other individual to receive a survivor annuity pursuant to subsection (d) on the basis of the service of that person.

(g)Annuities and survivor annuities paid under this section shall be paid out of the Department of Defense Military Retirement Fund.

(h)(1)This subsection applies with respect to any person who—

(A)prior to being appointed as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, performed civilian service of a type making such person subject to the Civil Service Retirement System; and

(B)would be eligible to make an election under section 301(a)(2) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Act of 1986, by virtue of being appointed as such a judge, but for the fact that such person has not had a break in service of sufficient duration to be considered someone who is being reemployed by the Federal Government.

(2)Any person with respect to whom this subsection applies shall be eligible to make an election under section 301(a)(2) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Act of 1986 to the same extent and in the same manner (including subject to the condition set forth in section 301(d) of such Act) as if such person’s appointment constituted reemployment with the Federal Government.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

section 301(a)(2) and (d) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (h), is section 301(a)(2) and (d) of Pub. L. 99–335, which is set out in a note under section 8331 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–328, § 541(e)(1), substituted “subsection (f)(1)(B)” for “subsection (g)(1)(B)”. Subsecs. (f) to (i). Pub. L. 114–328, § 541(e)(2), (3), redesignated subsecs. (g) to (i) as (f) to (h), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (f). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (f) read as follows: “A person who is receiving an annuity under this section by reason of service as a judge of the court and who is appointed to a position in the Federal Government shall, during the period of such person’s service in such position, be entitled to receive only the annuity under this section or the pay for that position, whichever is higher.” 1994—Subsecs. (a)(1), (3)(A), (b), (i)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted “Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces” for “Court of Military Appeals”. 1992—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–484, § 1052(11), substituted “section 942(e)(1)(B) of this title (article 142(e)(1)(B))” for “section 943(e)(1)(B) of this title (art. 143(e)(1)(B))”. Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–484, § 1062(a)(1), added subsec. (i). 1991—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–190 inserted at end “A person who continues service with the court as a senior judge under section 943(e)(1)(B) of this title (art. 143(e)(1)(B)) upon the expiration of the judge’s term shall be considered to have been separated from civilian service in the Federal Government only upon the termination of that continuous service.”

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 1992 Amendment Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, § 1062(a)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2505, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any appointment which takes effect on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1992].”

Effective Date

of 1991 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 102–190 effective Nov. 29, 1989, see section 1061(b)(1)(D) of Pub. L. 102–190, set out as a note under section 942 of this title.

Effective Date

Except as otherwise provided, section applicable with respect to judges of United States Court of Military Appeals [now United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces] whose terms of service on such court end after Sept. 28, 1988, and to survivors of such judges, see section 1301(f) of Pub. L. 101–189, set out as a Transitional Provisions note under section 942 of this title. Additional Elections Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, § 1062(b), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2505, provided that: “(1) Any individual who is a judge in active service on the United States Court of Military Appeals [now United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces] shall be eligible to make an election under section 301(a)(2) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–335, 5 U.S.C. 8331 note] if—“(A) such individual is such a judge on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1992]; and “(B) as of the date of the election, such individual is—“(i) subject to the Civil Service Retirement System; or “(ii) covered by Social Security but not subject to the Federal Employees’ Retirement System. “(2) An election under this subsection—“(A) shall not be effective unless it is—“(i) made within 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act; and “(ii) in compliance with the condition set forth in section 301(d) of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–335, 5 U.S.C. 8331 note]; and “(B) may not be revoked. “(3) For the purpose of this subsection, a judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals [now United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces] shall be considered to be ‘covered by Social Security’ if such judge’s service is employment for the purposes of title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.].”

§945 Art. 145. Annuities for Judges and Survivors

Summary

Title 10, §945

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Effective Date

Effective Date

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