Title 18, Crimes and Criminal ProcedureRelease 119-110

§2283 Transportation of Explosive, Biological, Chemical, or Radioactive or Nuclear Materials

Title 18 › PART I — CRIMES › CHAPTER 111 — SHIPPING › § 2283

Last updated Sep 23, 2026|Official source

Summary

It is a crime to knowingly carry dangerous explosives, biological, chemical, radioactive, or nuclear items on a ship in U.S. waters, on the high seas, or on a U.S.-flagged ship when the person knows the item will be used to commit one of the offenses listed in section 2332b(g)(5)(B). A person guilty of this can be fined and sent to prison for any number of years or for life. If the act causes someone’s death, the person can be punished by death. Definitions (short): biological agent — a biological agent, toxin, or vector (see sec. 178); by-product material — defined in Atomic Energy Act sec. 11(e); chemical weapon — defined in sec. 229F(1); explosive/incendiary device — defined in sec. 232(5) and includes explosive materials in secs. 841(c) and 844(j); nuclear material — defined in sec. 831(f)(1); radioactive material — certain source and special nuclear materials (excluding natural or depleted uranium), nuclear by-products, material made radioactive in accelerators, and refined radium isotopes; source material and special nuclear material — defined in Atomic Energy Act secs. 11(z) and 11(aa).

Full Legal Text

Title 18, §2283

Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)In General.—
Whoever knowingly transports aboard any vessel within the United States and on waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or any vessel outside the United States and on the high seas or having United States nationality an explosive or incendiary device, biological agent, chemical weapon, or radioactive or nuclear material, knowing that any such item is intended to be used to commit an offense listed under section 2332b(g)(5)(B), shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both.
(b)Causing Death.—
Any person who causes the death of a person by engaging in conduct prohibited by subsection (a) may be punished by death.
(c)Definitions.—
In this section: (1) Biological agent.—
(2)By-product material.—
The term “by-product material” has the meaning given that term in section 11(e) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(e)).
(3)Chemical weapon.—
The term “chemical weapon” has the meaning given that term in section 229F(1).
(4)Explosive or incendiary device.—
The term “explosive or incendiary device” has the meaning given the term in section 232(5) and includes explosive materials, as that term is defined in section 841(c) and explosive as defined in section 844(j).
(5)Nuclear material.—
The term “nuclear material” has the meaning given that term in section 831(f)(1).
(6)Radioactive material.—
The term “radioactive material” means—
(A)source material and special nuclear material, but does not include natural or depleted uranium;
(B)nuclear by-product material;
(C)material made radioactive by bombardment in an accelerator; or
(D)all refined isotopes of radium.
(8)Source material.—
The term “source material” has the meaning given that term in section 11(z) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(z)).
(9)Special nuclear material.—
The term “special nuclear material” has the meaning given that term in section 11(aa) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(aa)).

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

section 831(f)(1), referred to in subsec. (c)(5), was redesignated section 831(g)(1) by Pub. L. 114–23, title VIII, § 812(d), June 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 312.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

18 U.S.C. § 2283

Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Last Updated

Sep 23, 2026

Release point: 119-110