Title 18, Crimes and Criminal ProcedureRelease 119-110

§39 Traffic Signal Preemption Transmitters

Title 18 › PART I — CRIMES › CHAPTER 2 — AIRCRAFT AND MOTOR VEHICLES › § 39

Last updated Sep 22, 2026|Official source

Summary

You must not sell or use a device that changes traffic light timing or sequence in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce unless the buyer or user is authorized. Selling one to an unauthorized person can bring federal fines, up to 1 year in jail, or both. An unauthorized user who uses one can be fined, jailed up to 6 months, or both. A "traffic signal preemption transmitter" is any device that can change a traffic signal's timing or order. A "nonqualifying user" is someone not acting for a government agency or a private company legally providing fire, police, emergency medical, transit, maintenance, or similar government services. Classroom or instructional use is not treated as nonqualifying.

Full Legal Text

Title 18, §39

Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Offenses.—
(1)Sale.—
Whoever, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly sells a traffic signal preemption transmitter to a nonqualifying user shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.
(2)Use.—
Whoever, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, being a nonqualifying user makes unauthorized use of a traffic signal preemption transmitter shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than 6 months, or both.
(b)Definitions.—
In this section, the following definitions apply:
(1)Traffic signal preemption transmitter.—
The term “traffic signal preemption transmitter” means any mechanism that can change or alter a traffic signal’s phase time or sequence.
(2)Nonqualifying user.—
The term “nonqualifying user” means a person who uses a traffic signal preemption transmitter and is not acting on behalf of a public agency or private corporation authorized by law to provide fire protection, law enforcement, emergency medical services, transit services, maintenance, or other services for a Federal, State, or local government entity, but does not include a person using a traffic signal preemption transmitter for classroom or instructional purposes.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Another section 39 was renumbered section 40 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

18 U.S.C. § 39

Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Last Updated

Sep 22, 2026

Release point: 119-110