Title 19Customs DutiesRelease 119-73not60

§3103 Investigation of Foreign Telecommunications Trade Barriers

Title 19 › Chapter 19— TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE › § 3103

Last updated Apr 5, 2026|Official source

Summary

The United States Trade Representative must investigate and name priority foreign countries that block U.S. telecommunications products and services. The investigation must be finished by no later than the date that is 5 months after August 23, 1988. When picking countries, the Trade Representative must look at how serious the foreign barriers are, how much foreign firms benefit from access to the U.S. market, how big the foreign market could be for U.S. telecom goods and services, whether naming the country could increase U.S. exports or set a helpful example, and whether the country is making measurable progress to stop the bad practices. The Trade Representative can add or remove countries at any time, but must explain any removal in the required semiannual report to Congress. Within 30 days after the investigation ends, a report must be sent to the President and to the relevant Congressional committees.

Full Legal Text

Title 19, §3103

Customs Duties — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The Trade Representative shall conduct an investigation to identify priority foreign countries. Such investigation shall be concluded by no later than the date that is 5 months after August 23, 1988.
(b)In identifying priority foreign countries under subsection (a), the Trade Representative shall take into account, among other relevant factors—
(1)the nature and significance of the acts, policies, and practices that deny mutually advantageous market opportunities to telecommunications products and services of United States firms;
(2)the economic benefits (actual and potential) accruing to foreign firms from open access to the United States market;
(3)the potential size of the market of a foreign country for telecommunications products and services of United States firms;
(4)the potential to increase United States exports of telecommunications products and services, either directly or through the establishment of a beneficial precedent; and
(5)measurable progress being made to eliminate the objectionable acts, policies, or practices.
(c)(1)The Trade Representative may at any time, after taking into account the factors described in subsection (b)—
(A)revoke the identification of any priority foreign country that was made under this section, or
(B)identify any foreign country as a priority foreign country under this section,
(2)The Trade Representative shall include in the semiannual report submitted to the Congress under section 2419(3) of this title a detailed explanation of the reasons for the revocation under paragraph (1) of this subsection of any identification of any foreign country as a priority foreign country.
(d)By no later than the date that is 30 days after the date on which the investigation conducted under subsection (a) is completed, the United States Trade Representative shall submit a report on the investigation to the President and to appropriate committees of the Congress.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

19 U.S.C. § 3103

Title 19Customs Duties

Last Updated

Apr 5, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60