PRIA, Government Policy, Made Personal

Summary

The chapter defines key trade and related terms used in the law. Agreement on Agriculture: the agreement named in section 3511(d)(2) of this title. Agreement on Safeguards: the agreement named in section 3511(d)(13). Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures: the agreement named in section 3511(d)(12). Antidumping Agreement: the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994 named in section 3511(d)(7). Appellate Body: the WTO appeals body created under Article 17.1 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding. Common multilateral environmental agreement: certain international environmental treaties the U.S. and its negotiating partners are party to (examples named include CITES (March 3, 1973), the Montreal Protocol (September 16, 1987), MARPOL (February 17, 1978), Ramsar (February 2, 1971), Antarctic conservation (May 20, 1980), the Whaling Convention (December 2, 1946), and the Inter‑American Tuna Commission (May 31, 1949)), plus any others the U.S. and partners agree to add. Core labor standards: five basic worker rights (union freedom, collective bargaining, no forced labor, abolition of the worst child labor, and no job discrimination). Dispute Settlement Understanding: the WTO dispute rules named in section 3511(d)(16). Enabling Clause: the L/4903 decision adopted November 28, 1979, under GATT 1947. Environmental laws: U.S. federal environmental statutes and regulations enforceable by the Federal Government. GATT 1994 and WTO Agreement: as defined elsewhere in this title, with the WTO Agreement entered April 15, 1994. General Agreement on Trade in Services and Government Procurement Agreement: the agreements named in section 3511(d)(14) and 3511(d)(17). ILO: International Labor Organization. Import sensitive agricultural product: an agricultural product that either had tariff cuts under the Uruguay Round reduced on January 1, 1995 to no less than 97.5% of the December 31, 1994 rate, or that was subject to a tariff‑rate quota on June 29, 2015. Information Technology Agreement: the Ministerial Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products agreed at Singapore December 13, 1996. Internationally recognized core labor standards: the core standards listed only in the ILO Declaration of 1998. Labor laws: laws of a negotiating party directly about core labor standards, child protections, wages, hours, and workplace safety; for the U.S., this means federal laws and regulations only, not state or local laws. United States person: a U.S. citizen; an entity organized under U.S. law; or a foreign entity controlled by U.S. citizens or U.S. entities. Uruguay Round Agreements, WTO, and WTO member: terms as defined elsewhere in this title.

Title 19, §4210

Customs Duties, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

In this chapter:

(1)Agreement on Agriculture

The term “Agreement on Agriculture” means the agreement referred to in section 3511(d)(2) of this title.

(2)Agreement on Safeguards

The term “Agreement on Safeguards” means the agreement referred to in section 3511(d)(13) of this title.

(3)Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

The term “Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures” means the agreement referred to in section 3511(d)(12) of this title.

(4)Antidumping Agreement

The term “Antidumping Agreement” means the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 referred to in section 3511(d)(7) of this title.

(5)Appellate Body

The term “Appellate Body” means the Appellate Body established under Article 17.1 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding.

(6)Common multilateral environmental agreement

(A)In general

The term “common multilateral environmental agreement” means any agreement specified in subparagraph (B) or included under subparagraph (C) to which both the United States and one or more other parties to the negotiations are full parties, including any current or future mutually agreed upon protocols, amendments, annexes, or adjustments to such an agreement.

(B)Agreements specified

The agreements specified in this subparagraph are the following:

(i)The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, done at Washington March 3, 1973 (27 UST 1087; TIAS 8249).

(ii)The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, done at Montreal September 16, 1987.

(iii)The Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, done at London February 17, 1978.

(iv)The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, done at Ramsar February 2, 1971 (TIAS 11084).

(v)The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, done at Canberra May 20, 1980 (33 UST 3476).

(vi)The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, done at Washington December 2, 1946 (62 Stat. 1716).

(vii)The Convention for the Establishment of an Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, done at Washington May 31, 1949 (1 UST 230).

(C)Additional agreements

Both the United States and one or more other parties to the negotiations may agree to include any other multilateral environmental or conservation agreement to which they are full parties as a common multilateral environmental agreement under this paragraph.

(7)Core labor standards

The term “core labor standards” means—

(A)freedom of association;

(B)the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining;

(C)the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor;

(D)the effective abolition of child labor and a prohibition on the worst forms of child labor; and

(E)the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.

(8)Dispute Settlement Understanding

The term “Dispute Settlement Understanding” means the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes referred to in section 3511(d)(16) of this title.

(9)Enabling Clause

The term “Enabling Clause” means the Decision on Differential and More Favourable Treatment, Reciprocity and Fuller Participation of Developing Countries (L/4903), adopted November 28, 1979, under GATT 1947 (as defined in section 3501 of this title).

(10)Environmental laws

The term “environmental laws”, with respect to the laws of the United States, means environmental statutes and regulations enforceable by action of the Federal Government.

(11)GATT 1994

The term “GATT 1994” has the meaning given that term in section 3501 of this title.

(12)General Agreement on Trade in Services

The term “General Agreement on Trade in Services” means the General Agreement on Trade in Services (referred to in section 3511(d)(14) of this title).

(13)Government Procurement Agreement

The term “Government Procurement Agreement” means the Agreement on Government Procurement referred to in section 3511(d)(17) of this title.

(14)ILO

The term “ILO” means the International Labor Organization.

(15)Import sensitive agricultural product

The term “import sensitive agricultural product” means an agricultural product—

(A)with respect to which, as a result of the Uruguay Round Agreements, the rate of duty was the subject of tariff reductions by the United States and, pursuant to such Agreements, was reduced on January 1, 1995, to a rate that was not less than 97.5 percent of the rate of duty that applied to such article on December 31, 1994; or

(B)which was subject to a tariff rate quota on June 29, 2015.

(16)Information Technology Agreement

The term “Information Technology Agreement” means the Ministerial Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products of the World Trade Organization, agreed to at Singapore December 13, 1996.

(17)Internationally recognized core labor standards

The term “internationally recognized core labor standards” means the core labor standards only as stated in the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-Up (1998).

(18)Labor laws

The term “labor laws” means the statutes and regulations, or provisions thereof, of a party to the negotiations that are directly related to core labor standards as well as other labor protections for children and minors and acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational safety and health, and for the United States, includes Federal statutes and regulations addressing those standards, protections, or conditions, but does not include State or local labor laws.

(19)United States person

The term “United States person” means—

(A)a United States citizen;

(B)a partnership, corporation, or other legal entity that is organized under the laws of the United States; and

(C)a partnership, corporation, or other legal entity that is organized under the laws of a foreign country and is controlled by entities described in subparagraph (B) or United States citizens, or both.

(20)Uruguay Round Agreements

The term “Uruguay Round Agreements” has the meaning given that term in section 3501(7) of this title.

(21)World Trade Organization; WTO

The terms “World Trade Organization” and “WTO” mean the organization established pursuant to the WTO Agreement.

(22)WTO Agreement

The term “WTO Agreement” means the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization entered into on April 15, 1994.

(23)WTO member

The term “WTO member” has the meaning given that term in section 3501(10) of this title.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this title”, meaning title I of Pub. L. 114–26, June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 320, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 4201 of this title and Tables.

§4210 Definitions