§1432 Definitions

Summary

Defines key words used for helping babies and toddlers who need early help. An "at‑risk infant or toddler" is a child under 3 years old who would likely have big developmental problems without early services. A "council" means the State interagency coordinating council. "Developmental delay" is the meaning the State gives it. An "infant or toddler with a disability" is a child under 3 who either shows delays on tests in one or more areas (like thinking, movement, talking, social skills, or daily living) or has a diagnosed condition very likely to cause delay. States may also count at‑risk children and certain children eligible under section 1419 until they start kindergarten, but those programs must teach school‑readiness skills and give parents written notice about continuing services or moving to preschool services. "Early intervention services" are publicly run services to meet a child’s developmental needs. They are free unless Federal or State law lets families pay (for example, sliding fees). They must follow State standards and an individualized family service plan. Services include things like family training and home visits, special instruction, speech and hearing help, OT and PT, psychological and social work help, medical evaluations, screenings, health supports, vision services, assistive technology, and needed transportation. Qualified staff—such as special educators, therapists, social workers, nurses, doctors, and vision or mobility specialists—must provide them, and they should be given in natural settings like the home or community when possible.