§6393 — Title 20 Education | U.S. Code

Summary

States (except Puerto Rico) get money each year based on how many eligible migratory children they have and how much the State spends per student. To figure the number of children, the law adds the 3‑year average count of identified eligible migratory children ages 3 through 21 and the number of such children who got summer or intersession services last year. That total is multiplied by 40 percent of the State’s average per‑pupil spending. The per‑pupil percent used cannot be lower than 32 percent or higher than 48 percent of the national average. For fiscal years 2017 through 2019, no State gets less than 90 percent of what it got the year before. Puerto Rico uses a different rule. Its payment equals its counted children times (the share that Puerto Rico’s per‑pupil spending is of the lowest State’s per‑pupil spending, but at least 85 percent and subject to a carry‑over rule) times 32 percent of the U.S. average per‑pupil spending. If total money available is too small, the Secretary reduces all State amounts proportionally; if extra money appears, the Secretary decides how to spread it. The Secretary can cut grants that are larger than needed and move that money to other States. States with grants of $1,000,000 or less must talk with the Secretary about joining a consortium; any State may propose one and the Secretary will approve it if it cuts admin costs and puts more money into direct services. The Secretary must use the most recent accurate data, check and improve that data, adjust for summer/intersession costs and special program needs, and study better ways to target the formula. New States or those with under 3 years of participation use the most recent data until a 3‑year average is available.

Title 20, §6393

Education — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Except as provided in subsection (c), each State (other than the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico) is entitled to receive under this part an amount equal to the product of—

(1)the sum of—

(A)the average number of identified eligible migratory children aged 3 through 21 residing in the State, based on data for the preceding 3 years; and

(B)the number of identified eligible migratory children, aged 3 through 21, who received services under this part in summer or intersession programs provided by the State during the previous year; multiplied by

(2)40 percent of the average per-pupil expenditure in the State, except that the amount determined under this paragraph shall not be less than 32 percent, nor more than 48 percent, of the average per-pupil expenditure in the United States.

(b)Notwithstanding subsection (a), for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2019, no State shall receive less than 90 percent of the State’s allocation under this section for the preceding fiscal year.

(c)(1)For each fiscal year, the grant that the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall be eligible to receive under this part shall be the amount determined by multiplying the number of children who would be counted under subsection (a)(1) if such subsection applied to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico by the product of—

(A)the percentage that the average per-pupil expenditure in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is of the lowest average per-pupil expenditure of any of the 50 States, subject to paragraphs (2) and (3); and

(B)32 percent of the average per-pupil expenditure in the United States.

(2)The percentage described in paragraph (1)(A) shall not be less than 85 percent.

(3)If the application of paragraph (2) for any fiscal year would result in any of the 50 States or the District of Columbia receiving less under this part than it received under this part for the preceding fiscal year, then the percentage described in paragraph (1)(A) that is used for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for the fiscal year for which the determination is made shall be the greater of the percentage in paragraph (1)(A) for such fiscal year or the percentage used for the preceding fiscal year.

(d)(1)(A)If, after the Secretary reserves funds under section 6398(c) of this title, the amount appropriated to carry out this part for any fiscal year is insufficient to pay in full the amounts for which all States are eligible, the Secretary shall ratably reduce each such amount.

(B)If additional funds become available for making such payments for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate such funds to States in amounts that the Secretary determines will best carry out the purposes of this part.

(2)(A)The Secretary shall further reduce the amount of any grant to a State under this part for any fiscal year if the Secretary determines, based on available information on the numbers and needs of migratory children in the State and the program proposed by the State to address such needs, that such amount exceeds the amount required under section 6394 of this title.

(B)The Secretary shall reallocate such excess funds to other States whose grants under this part would otherwise be insufficient to provide an appropriate level of services to migratory children, in such amounts as the Secretary determines are appropriate.

(e)(1)In the case of a State that receives a grant of $1,000,000 or less under this section, the Secretary shall consult with the State educational agency to determine whether consortium arrangements with another State or other appropriate entity would result in delivery of services in a more effective and efficient manner.

(2)Any State, regardless of the amount of such State’s allocation, may submit a consortium arrangement to the Secretary for approval.

(3)The Secretary shall approve a consortium arrangement under paragraph (1) or (2) if the proposal demonstrates that the arrangement will—

(A)reduce administrative costs or program function costs for State programs; and

(B)make more funds available for direct services to add substantially to the academic achievement of children to be served under this part.

(f)In order to determine the identified number of migratory children residing in each State for purposes of this section, the Secretary shall—

(1)use the most recent information that most accurately reflects the actual number of migratory children;

(2)develop and implement a procedure for monitoring the accuracy of such information;

(3)develop and implement a procedure for more accurately reflecting cost factors for different types of summer and intersession program designs;

(4)adjust the number of migratory children who reside in each State to take into account—

(A)the unique needs of those children participating in effective special programs provided under this part that operate during the summer and intersession periods; and

(B)the additional costs of operating such programs; and

(5)conduct an analysis of the options for adjusting the formula so as to better direct services to migratory children, including the most at-risk migratory children.

(g)In the case of a State desiring to receive an allocation under this part for a fiscal year that did not receive an allocation for the previous fiscal year or that has been participating for less than 3 consecutive years, the Secretary shall calculate the State’s number of identified migratory children aged 3 through 21 for purposes of subsection (a)(1)(A) by using the most recent data available that identifies the migratory children residing in the State until data is available to calculate the 3-year average number of such children in accordance with such subsection.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6393, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, § 1303, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, § 101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3585, related to State allocations, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(2), added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to State allocations for fiscal year 2002 and subsequent years and allocation to Puerto Rico for each fiscal year. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d), in par. (1) inserted subpar. headings after subpar. (A) and (B) designations, in par. (1), subpar. (B), substituted “purposes” for “purpose”, and in par. (2) inserted subpar. headings after subpar. (A) and (B) designations. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(1), (4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e) and in par. (3)(B) substituted “the academic achievement of children” for “the welfare or educational attainment of children”. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(1), (5)(A), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and in introductory provisions substituted “identified number” for “estimated number”. Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(5)(B), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “use such information as the Secretary finds most accurately reflects the actual number of migratory children;”. Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(5)(C), (D), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4). Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(5)(C), (E), redesignated par. (3) as (4), in introductory provisions struck out “full-time equivalent” before “number”, and in subpar. (A) substituted “unique needs” for “special needs” and “effective special programs provided under this part” for “special programs provided under this part”. Former par. (4) redesignated (5). Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(5)(C), (F), redesignated par. (4) as (5) and substituted “migratory children, including the most at-risk migratory children” for “the child whose education has been interrupted”. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–95, § 1301(b)(6), added subsec. (g).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2015 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title. Migrant Education Program Pub. L. 116–211, § 3, Dec. 4, 2020, 134 Stat. 1018, provided that: “Due to the public health emergency relating to COVID–19 and notwithstanding subsections (a)(1) and (f)(1) of section 1303 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6393), for the purposes of making determinations under subsections (a)(1) and (f) of such section 1303 for fiscal year 2021 and all subsequent fiscal years for which school year 2019–2020 data would be used in the calculations under section 1303(a)(1) of such Act, the Secretary of Education shall use school year 2018–2019 data or school year 2019–2020 data, whichever data are greater, wherever school year 2019–2020 data would otherwise be required.”

§6393 State Allocations