§6445 Description of Presidential Actions

Summary

Gives the President 15 specific options to respond when a foreign government, its agency, instrumentality, or an official is found responsible under sections 6441 or 6442. The options cover diplomatic protests and public condemnations (including in multilateral forums), delaying or canceling scientific or cultural exchanges and visits, cutting or pausing U.S. development or security aid, directing U.S. export and finance agencies (like the Export‑Import Bank, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation, or the Trade and Development Agency) not to approve guarantees, insurance, or credit, blocking export licenses under U.S. export laws, stopping U.S. government contracts or procurement with those entities, and banning U.S. financial institutions from making loans over $10,000,000 in any 12-month period to them. The President can choose a different lawful action instead if it has a similar effect and supports the U.S. policy in section 6401(b). The President must try all proper actions to stop the violations and must report and explain any substituted action to the relevant congressional committees. The President can also make a binding agreement with the foreign government to stop the violations, which is a main goal for especially severe cases. Nothing in these actions can stop or limit medicine, medical supplies or equipment, food, or other humanitarian aid.