Title 25, IndiansRelease 119-110
§2005 Facilities Construction
Title 25 › CHAPTER 22 — BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS PROGRAMS › § 2005
Summary
Requires the Government Accountability Office to gather the information needed to make a national check of the physical condition of every Bureau-funded school within 12 months after January 8, 2002. It must use the Department of Defense condition formula, earlier school condition data that is good and useful, and methods from accredited architecture or engineering groups. The GAO must consult with national, regional, and tribal Indian education groups, and schools must answer reasonable requests for information. GAO must send the survey results to Congress and the Secretary no later than 2 years after January 8, 2002, and the Secretary must share those results with school boards and tribes. Within 6 months after that report, the Secretary must create a negotiated rulemaking committee to make: a catalog of facility conditions and maintenance schedules, a report on replacement and new-building needs with a fair funding formula (using size, enrollment, age, condition, environment, and isolation), and a renovation/repair report with a similar formula. Those reports must be finished and sent out within 24 months of the committee’s start. The Secretary must build a Facilities Information Systems Support Database to keep this information and update it every 3 years; the Bureau of Indian Affairs will update it, GAO will monitor it, and school boards, tribes, and Congress can access it. The Secretary must also publish each year how construction priorities are set, and within 18 months after January 8, 2002 set a long-term list and a 40-year replacement plan, allow at least 120 days for public comment, revise as needed, and publish the final list. The Secretary must immediately begin bringing all Bureau-operated or Bureau-funded school buildings and dorms up to the highest applicable tribal, Federal, or State health and safety standards (tribal standards not to exceed Federal or State), section 794 of title 29, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Facilities that were in use on January 8, 2002 do not have to be closed just because they are not yet compliant. When a facility poses an immediate health or safety danger, a Bureau health and safety officer and a tribal-designated qualified inspector must agree to close, consolidate, or curtail the school. Their inspection must be finished within 20 days. If they disagree, the tribal governing body must decide within 10 days. Closures longer than 1 year require a report to Congress, the tribe, and the local board within 90 days explaining the reasons, fixes, timeline, and plans for students. Temporary use of nearby or satellite facilities is allowed with waivers of minor standards if no immediate threat exists. Any closure longer than 30 days but under 1 year is treated as an emergency repair project, and tribes or local boards may use certain allocated funds to fix hazards without more action by Congress. Starting with the first fiscal year after January 8, 2002, all operations and maintenance money for Bureau-funded schools must be given to schools by formula; the Bureau cannot keep any of those funds for its own facilities offices. No money may be withheld from a school’s budget for facilities unless the school agrees in writing, and the school can cancel such an agreement at year-end with 30 days’ notice. Receiving state or other money for buildings will not reduce a school’s Federal funding.
Full Legal Text
Title 25, §2005
Indians, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)National survey of facilities conditions
(1)In general
Not later than 12 months after January 8, 2002, the Government Accountability Office shall compile, collect, and secure the data that are needed to prepare a national survey of the physical conditions of all Bureau-funded school facilities.
(2)Data and methodologies
In preparing the national survey required under paragraph (1), the Government Accountability Office shall use the following data and methodologies:
(A)The existing Department of Defense formula for determining the condition and adequacy of Department of Defense facilities.
(B)Data related to conditions of Bureau-funded schools that has previously been compiled, collected, or secured from whatever source derived so long as the data are accurate, relevant, timely, and necessary to the survey.
(C)The methodologies of the American Institute of Architects, or other accredited and reputable architecture or engineering associations.
(3)Consultations
(A)In general
In carrying out the survey required under paragraph (1), the Government Accountability Office shall, to the maximum extent practicable, consult (and if necessary contract) with national, regional, and tribal Indian education organizations to ensure that a complete and accurate national survey is achieved.
(B)Requests for information
All Bureau-funded schools shall comply with reasonable requests for information by the Government Accountability Office and shall respond to such requests in a timely fashion.
(4)Submission
Not later than 2 years after January 8, 2002, the Government Accountability Office shall submit the results of the national survey conducted under paragraph (1) to the Committee on Indian Affairs, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Resources, the Committee on Education and the Workforce, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and to the Secretary. The Secretary shall submit the results of the national survey to school boards of Bureau-funded schools and their respective tribes.
(5)Negotiated rulemaking committee
(A)In general
Not later than 6 months after the date on which the submission is made under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall establish a negotiated rulemaking committee pursuant to section 2018(b)(3) of this title. The negotiated rulemaking committee shall prepare and submit to the Secretary the following:
(i)A catalog of the condition of school facilities at all Bureau-funded schools that—
(I)incorporates the findings from the Government Accountability Office study evaluating and comparing school systems of the Department of Defense and the Bureau of Indian Affairs;
(II)rates such facilities with respect to the rate of deterioration and useful life of structures and major systems;
(III)establishes a routine maintenance schedule for each facility;
(IV)identifies the complementary educational facilities that do not exist but that are needed; and
(V)makes projections on the amount of funds needed to keep each school viable, consistent with the accreditation standards required pursuant to this Act.
(ii)A school replacement and new construction report that determines replacement and new construction need, and a formula for the equitable distribution of funds to address such need, for Bureau-funded schools. Such formula shall utilize necessary factors in determining an equitable distribution of funds, including—
(I)the size of school;
(II)school enrollment;
(III)the age of the school;
(IV)the condition of the school;
(V)environmental factors at the school; and
(VI)school isolation.
(iii)A renovation repairs report that determines renovation need (major and minor), and a formula for the equitable distribution of funds to address such need, for Bureau-funded schools. Such report shall identify needed repairs or renovations with respect to a facility, or a part of a facility, or the grounds of the facility, to remedy a need based on disabilities access or health and safety changes to a facility. The formula developed shall utilize necessary factors in determining an equitable distribution of funds, including the factors described in clause (ii).
(B)Submission of reports
Not later than 24 months after the negotiated rulemaking committee is established under subparagraph (A), the reports described in clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the committees of Congress referred to in paragraph (4), the national and regional Indian education organizations, and to all school boards of Bureau-funded schools and their respective tribes.
(6)Facilities information systems support database
The Secretary shall develop a Facilities Information Systems Support Database to maintain and update the information contained in the reports under clauses (ii) and (iii) of paragraph (5)(A) and the information contained in the survey conducted under paragraph (1). The system shall be updated every 3 years by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and monitored by Government Accountability Office, and shall be made available to school boards of Bureau-funded schools and their respective tribes, and Congress.
(b)Compliance with health and safety standards
(1)In general
The Secretary shall immediately begin to bring all schools, dormitories, and other Indian education-related facilities operated by the Bureau or under contract or grant with the Bureau, into compliance with—
(A)all applicable tribal, Federal, or State health and safety standards, whichever provides greater protection (except that the tribal standards to be applied shall be no greater than any otherwise applicable Federal or State standards);
(B)section 794 of title 29; and
(C)the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.].
(2)No termination required
Nothing in this subsection requires termination of the operations of any facility that—
(A)does not comply with the provisions and standards described in paragraph (1); and
(B)is in use on January 8, 2002.
(c)Compliance plan
At the time that the annual budget request for Bureau educational services is presented, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a detailed plan to bring all facilities covered under subsection (a) into compliance with the standards referred to in that subsection that includes—
(1)detailed information on the status of each facility’s compliance with such standards;
(2)specific cost estimates for meeting such standards at each school; and
(3)specific timelines for bringing each school into compliance with such standards.
(d)Construction priorities
(1)System to establish priorities
On an annual basis, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and cause to be published in the Federal Register, the system used to establish priorities for replacement and construction projects for Bureau-funded schools and home-living schools, including boarding schools and dormitories. At the time any budget request for education is presented, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register and submit with the budget request the current list of all Bureau-funded school construction priorities.
(2)Long-term construction and replacement list
In addition to the plan submitted under subsection (c), the Secretary shall—
(A)not later than 18 months after January 8, 2002, establish a long-term construction and replacement list for all Bureau-funded schools;
(B)using the list prepared under subparagraph (A), propose a list for the orderly replacement of all Bureau-funded education-related facilities over a period of 40 years to enable planning and scheduling of budget requests;
(C)cause the list prepared under subparagraph (B) to be published in the Federal Register and allow a period of not less than 120 days for public comment;
(D)make such revisions to the list prepared under subparagraph (B) as are appropriate based on the comments received; and
(E)cause the final list to be published in the Federal Register.
(3)Effect on other list
Nothing in this section shall interfere with or change in any way the construction priority list as it existed on the day before January 8, 2002.
(e)Hazardous condition at Bureau-funded school
(1)Closure, consolidation, or curtailment
(A)In general
A Bureau-funded school may be closed or consolidated, or the programs of a Bureau-funded school may be substantially curtailed, by reason of facility conditions that constitute an immediate hazard to health and safety only if a health and safety officer of the Bureau and an individual designated at the beginning of the school year by the tribe involved under subparagraph (B) determine that such conditions exist at a facility of the Bureau-funded school.
(B)Designation of individual by tribe
To be designated by a tribe for purposes of subparagraph (A), an individual shall—
(i)be a licensed or certified facilities safety inspector;
(ii)have demonstrated experience in the inspection of facilities for health and safety purposes with respect to occupancy; or
(iii)have a significant educational background in the health and safety of facilities with respect to occupancy.
(C)Inspection
After making a determination described in subparagraph (A), the Bureau health and safety officer and the individual designated by the tribe shall conduct an inspection of the conditions of such facility in order to determine whether conditions at such facility constitute an immediate hazard to health and safety. Such inspection shall be completed as expeditiously as practicable, but not later than 20 days after the date on which the action described in subparagraph (A) is taken.
(D)Failure to concur
If the Bureau health and safety officer, and the individual designated by the tribe, conducting the inspection of a facility required under subparagraph (C) do not concur that conditions at the facility constitute an immediate hazard to health and safety, such officer and individual shall immediately notify the tribal governing body and provide written information related to their determinations.
(E)Consideration by tribal governing body
Not later than 10 days after a tribal governing body receives notice under subparagraph (D), the tribal governing body shall consider all information relating to the determinations of the Bureau health and safety officer and the individual designated by the tribe and make a determination regarding the closure, consolidation, or curtailment involved.
(F)Agreement to close, consolidate, or curtail
(i)In general
If the Bureau health and safety officer and the individual designated by the tribe conducting the inspection of a facility required under subparagraph (C), concur that conditions at the facility constitute an immediate hazard to health and safety, or if the tribal governing body makes such a determination under subparagraph (E), the facility involved shall be closed immediately.
(ii)Reopening of facility if no immediate hazard found to exist
If the Bureau health and safety officer or the individual designated by the tribe conducting the inspection of a facility required under subparagraph (C) determines that conditions at the facility do not constitute an immediate hazard to health and safety, any consolidation or curtailment that was made under this paragraph shall immediately cease and any school closed by reason of conditions at the facility shall be reopened immediately.
(G)General closure report
If a Bureau-funded school is temporarily closed or consolidated or the programs of a Bureau-funded school are temporarily substantially curtailed under this subsection and the Secretary determines that the closure, consolidation, or curtailment will exceed 1 year, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, the affected tribe, and the local school board, not later than 90 days after the date on which the closure, consolidation, or curtailment was initiated, a report that specifies—
(i)the reasons for such temporary action;
(ii)the actions the Secretary is taking to eliminate the conditions that constitute the hazard;
(iii)an estimated date by which the actions described in clause (ii) will be concluded; and
(iv)a plan for providing alternate education services for students enrolled at the school that is to be closed.
(2)Nonapplication of certain standards for temporary facility use
(A)Classroom activities
The Secretary shall permit the local school board to temporarily utilize facilities adjacent to the school, or satellite facilities, if such facilities are suitable for conducting classroom activities. In permitting the use of facilities under the preceding sentence, the Secretary may waive applicable minor standards under section 2001 of this title relating to such facilities (such as the required number of exit lights or configuration of restrooms) so long as such waivers do not result in the creation of an environment that constitutes an immediate and substantial threat to the health, safety, and life of students and staff.
(B)Administrative activities
The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall apply with respect to administrative personnel if the facilities involved are suitable for activities performed by such personnel.
(C)Temporary
In this paragraph, the term “temporary” means—
(i)with respect to a school that is to be closed for not more than 1 year, 3 months or less; and
(ii)with respect to a school that is to be closed for not less than 1 year, a time period determined appropriate by the Bureau.
(3)Treatment of closure
Any closure of a Bureau-funded school under this subsection for a period that exceeds 30 days but is less than 1 year, shall be treated by the Bureau as an emergency facility improvement and repair project.
(4)Use of funds
With respect to a Bureau-funded school that is closed under this subsection, the tribal governing body, or the designated local school board of each Bureau-funded school, involved may authorize the use of funds allocated pursuant to section 2007 of this title, to abate the hazardous conditions without further action by Congress.
(f)Funding requirement
(1)Distribution of funds
Beginning with the first fiscal year following January 8, 2002, all funds appropriated to the budget accounts for the operations and maintenance of Bureau-funded schools shall be distributed by formula to the schools. No funds from these accounts may be retained or segregated by the Bureau to pay for administrative or other costs of any facilities branch or office, at any level of the Bureau.
(2)Requirements for certain uses
No funds shall be withheld from the distribution to the budget of any school operated under contract or grant by the Bureau for maintenance or any other facilities or road-related purpose, unless such school has consented, as a modification to the contract or in writing for grants schools, to the withholding of such funds, including the amount thereof, the purpose for which the funds will be used, and the timeline for the services to be provided. The school may, at the end of any fiscal year, cancel an agreement under this paragraph upon giving the Bureau 30 days notice of its intent to do so.
(g)No reduction in Federal funding
Nothing in this section shall diminish any Federal funding due to the receipt by the school of funding for facilities improvement or construction from a State or any other source.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(5)(A)(i)(V), means Pub. L. 95–561, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2143, known as the Education
Amendments
of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title
of 1978 Amendment note set out under section 6301 of Title 20, Education, and Tables. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, as amended which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§ 12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title
note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 2005, Pub. L. 95–561, title XI, § 1125, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 381, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3986, related to facilities
Construction
, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110. Another prior section 2005, Pub. L. 95–561, title XI, § 1125, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2319; Pub. L. 100–297, title V, § 5103, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 364, related to facilities
Construction
, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 103–382.
Amendments
2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” wherever appearing.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
Effective Date
Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education. Use of Tribal Priority Allocations Funds for School Facilities Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(e) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–246, provided in part: “That hereafter tribes may use tribal priority allocations funds for the replacement and repair of school facilities in compliance with [former] 25 U.S.C. 2005(a) [see now 25 U.S.C. 2005(b)], so long as such replacement or repair is approved by the Secretary and completed with non-Federal tribal and/or tribal priority allocation funds”.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
25 U.S.C. § 2005
Title 25, Indians
Last Updated
Sep 22, 2026
Release point: 119-110