Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-102

§1738 State and Territorial Statutes and Judicial Proceedings; Full Faith and Credit

Title 28 › PART V — PROCEDURE › CHAPTER 115 — EVIDENCE; DOCUMENTARY › § 1738

Last updated Aug 21, 2026|Official source

Summary

Requires laws and court papers from any U.S. state, territory, or possession to be sealed and certified so other U.S. courts will accept them. Certification means the court’s seal, the clerk’s signed statement, and a judge’s certificate that the clerk’s signing is in the proper form. Once certified, those laws and records must be given the same legal effect in other U.S. courts as they have where they came from.

Full Legal Text

Title 28, §1738

Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

The Acts of the legislature of any State, Territory, or Possession of the United States, or copies thereof, shall be authenticated by affixing the seal of such State, Territory or Possession thereto. The records and judicial proceedings of any court of any such State, Territory or Possession, or copies thereof, shall be proved or admitted in other courts within the United States and its Territories and Possessions by the attestation of the clerk and seal of the court annexed, if a seal exists, together with a certificate of a judge of the court that the said attestation is in proper form. Such Acts, records and judicial proceedings or copies thereof, so authenticated, shall have the same full faith and credit in every court within the United States and its Territories and Possessions as they have by law or usage in the courts of such State, Territory or Possession from which they are taken.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 687 (R.S. § 905). Words “Possession of the United States” were substituted for “of any country subject to the jurisdiction of the United States”. Words “or copies thereof” were added in three places. Copies have always been used to prove statutes and judicial proceedings under section 687 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed. The added words will cover expressly such use. Words “and its Territories and Possessions” were added in two places so as to make this section and section 1739 of this title uniform, the basic section of the latter having provided that nonjudicial records or books of any State, Territory, or “country subject to the jurisdiction of the United States” should be admitted in any court or office in any other State, Territory, or “such country.” Words “a judge of the court” were substituted for “the judge, chief justice or presiding magistrate” without change of substance. At the beginning of the last paragraph, words “Such Acts” were substituted for “And the said”. This follows the language of Article IV, section 1 of the Constitution. For additional provisions as to authentication, see Rule 44 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Changes were made in phraseology.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

28 U.S.C. § 1738

Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure

Last Updated

Aug 21, 2026

Release point: 119-102