Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-102
§2111 Harmless Error
Title 28 › PART V — PROCEDURE › CHAPTER 133 — REVIEW—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS › § 2111
Summary
When a court reviews an appeal or review, it ignores mistakes that didn't hurt the parties' rights.
Full Legal Text
Title 28, §2111
Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
On the hearing of any appeal or writ of certiorari in any case, the court shall give judgment after an examination of the record without regard to errors or defects which do not affect the substantial rights of the parties.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Historical and Revision Notes
1949 ActIncorporates in title 28, U.S.C., as section 2111 thereof, the harmless error provisions of section 269 of the Judicial Code (now repealed), which applied to all courts of the United States and to all cases therein and therefore was superseded only in part by the Federal Procedural Rules, which apply only to the United States district courts.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
28 U.S.C. § 2111
Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
Last Updated
Aug 21, 2026
Release point: 119-102