Title 29, LaborRelease 119-102

§104 Enumeration of Specific Acts Not Subject to Restraining Orders or Injunctions

Title 29 › CHAPTER 6 — JURISDICTION OF COURTS IN MATTERS AFFECTING EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE › § 104

Last updated Aug 21, 2026|Official source

Summary

Federal courts cannot issue orders that stop people involved in a labor dispute, alone or together, from taking nine kinds of actions. The rule protects quitting or refusing work; joining or staying in a labor or employer group; giving, withholding, or paying strike or unemployment benefits or other money; helping someone in a related court case; making the dispute public by advertising, speaking, patrolling, or other nonviolent, nonfraud methods; meeting peacefully to plan or act; warning others about planned actions; agreeing with others to act or not act; and urging or persuading others to act, as long as no fraud or violence is used. These protections apply even if someone made a prior promise or agreement described in section 103.

Full Legal Text

Title 29, §104

Labor, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

No court of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue any restraining order or temporary or permanent injunction in any case involving or growing out of any labor dispute to prohibit any person or persons participating or interested in such dispute (as these terms are herein defined) from doing, whether singly or in concert, any of the following acts:

(a)Ceasing or refusing to perform any work or to remain in any relation of employment;

(b)Becoming or remaining a member of any labor organization or of any employer organization, regardless of any such undertaking or promise as is described in section 103 of this title;

(c)Paying or giving to, or withholding from, any person participating or interested in such labor dispute, any strike or unemployment benefits or insurance, or other moneys or things of value;

(d)By all lawful means aiding any person participating or interested in any labor dispute who is being proceeded against in, or is prosecuting, any action or suit in any court of the United States or of any State;

(e)Giving publicity to the existence of, or the facts involved in, any labor dispute, whether by advertising, speaking, patrolling, or by any other method not involving fraud or violence;

(f)Assembling peaceably to act or to organize to act in promotion of their interests in a labor dispute;

(g)Advising or notifying any person of an intention to do any of the acts heretofore specified;

(h)Agreeing with other persons to do or not to do any of the acts heretofore specified; and

(i)Advising, urging, or otherwise causing or inducing without fraud or violence the acts heretofore specified, regardless of any such undertaking or promise as is described in section 103 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

29 U.S.C. § 104

Title 29, Labor

Last Updated

Aug 21, 2026

Release point: 119-102